Networking & Programming

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 10 Exam Answers

2009-07-21T20:33:00.000-07:00

What two events will cause a link state router to send LSPs to all neighbors? (Choose two.)

30 second timer expires
* whenever the network topology changes
immediately after the Bellman-Ford algorithm has run
immediately after the DUAL FSM has built the topology database
* upon initial startup of router or routing protocol

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CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 9 Exam Answers

2009-07-21T20:19:00.000-07:00

1. On a router running EIGRP, what database would maintain a list of feasible successors?

routing table
neighbor table
* topology table
adjacency table

2. Refer to the exhibit. This is the debug output from 2 directly connected EIGRP routers. They are not forming an adjacency. What is the cause?

one router is a non-cisco router
* they have different autonomous-system numbers
they are using difference sequence numbers
they are sending incorrect hello types

3. Refer to the exhibit. Which command will advertise the 192.168.1.64/30 network but not the 192.168.1.32 network on router A?

network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
* network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.3
network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.7
network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.255

4. What two actions will the EIGRP DUAL FSM take if a link to a network goes down? (Choose two.)

put the route into passive mode
* query neighbors for a new route
search routing table for a feasible successor
run the SPF algorithm to find a new successor
* search topology table for a feasible successor

5. Refer to the exhibit. What is indicated by the P at the beginning of the topology entry?

* the route is in a stable state
the route is a preferred route
DUAL is searching for a better route to this destination
the exit interface is in passive mode and EIGRP advertisements are blocked

6. In which of the following tables does the EIGRP DUAL algorithm store the primary route to a destination? (Choose two.)

* routing
* topology
neighbor
path
shortest path

7. What information is maintained in the EIGRP topology database for a destination route? (Choose three.)

* the routing protocol
* the feasible distance of the route
the highest cost of the route
the SRTT value for the route
* the route cost as advertised by the neighboring router
the physical address of the gateway interface

8. Which of the following statements describes the bounded updates used by EIGRP?

Bounded updates are sent to all routers within an autonomous system.
* Partial updates are sent only to routers that need the information.
The updates are sent to all routers in the routing table.
Updates are bounded by the routers in the topology table.

9. Which of the following types of routes will be denoted by EX in EIGRP routing table entries? (Choose two.)

* routes learned from other routing protocols
routes learned from any non-adjacent EIGRP routers
any route with a hop count metric higher than 224
* EIGRP routes that originate in different autonomous systems
all passive routes in the routing table

10. Host 192.168.1.66 in the network illustrated is unable to ping host 192.168.1.130. How must EIGRP be configured to enable connectivity between the two hosts? (Choose two.)

R1(config-router)# network 192.168.1.128
R1(config-router)# auto-summary
* R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
* R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2(config-router)# auto-summary
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.1.64

11. Which two statements describe characteristics of EIGRP? (Choose two.)

* EIGRP is a distance vector routing protocol.
* EIGRP supports classless routing and VLSM.
EIGRP is classified as a link-state routing protocol.
EIGRP uses TCP for reliable delivery of EIGRP update packets.
With EIGRP, loop-free paths are achieved through the use of hold-down timers.
EIGRP sends a periodic update every 30 minutes.

12. Refer to the exhibit. Based on the output of show ip eigrp neighbors, what are two possible problems with adjacencies between Router1 and Router2? (Choose two.)

* The routers are configured with different EIGRP process IDs.
Automatic summarization was disabled.
The hello timer for R1 was altered.
* The serial interfaces for both routers are in different networks.
No feasible successors were found.

13. Refer to the exhibit. In the topology table, what do the numbers 3011840 and 3128695 represent?

the route metric that is applied to those EIGRP routes for this router
the trustworthiness of the routing information source
the composite of the hop count and bandwidth to that destination network
* the total metric for that network as advertised by the EIGRP neighbor

14. Refer to the exhibit. EIGRP is the only routing protocol enabled on this network. No static routes are configured on this router. What can be concluded about network 198.18.1.0/24 from the exhibited output?

A route to network 198.18.1.0/24 is not listed in the routing table.
* Packets that are destined for 198.18.1.0/24 will be forwarded to 198.18.10.6.
EIGRP will perform equal cost load balancing across two paths when forwarding packets to 198.18.1.0/24.
The router with interface 172.16.3.2 is a successor for network 198.18.1.0/24.

15. Refer to the exhibit. All interfaces have been configured with the bandwidths that are shown in the exhibit. Assuming that all routers are using a default configuration of EIGRP as their routing protocol, what path will packets take from the 172.16.1.0/16 network to the 192.168.200.0/24 network?

* A,B,E
A,C,E
A,D,E
Packets will load balance across the A,B,E and A,C,E paths.
Packets will load balance across the A,B,E and A,D,E paths.
Packets will load balance across the A,C,E and A,D,E paths.

16. By default, which two metrics are used by EIGRP to determine the best path between networks?

MTU
load
* delay
* bandwidth
reliability

17. Which term defines a collection of networks under the administrative control of a single entity that presents a common routing policy to the Internet?

* autonomous system
contiguous networks
process ID
BGP

18. Refer to the exhibit. The company is using EIGRP with an autonomous system number of 10. Pings between hosts on networks that are connected to router A and those that are connected to router B are successful. However, users on the 192.168.3.0 network are unable to reach users on the 192.168.1.32 network. What is the most likely cause of this problem?

IP classless is enabled and is causing the packet to drop.
The command network 192.168.1.32 was not issued on router C.
* The routers are not configured in the same EIGRP routing domain.
Automatic summarization of the networks is causing the subnetted routes to be dropped.

19. In the command router eigrp 20, what is the purpose of the number 20?

specifies the administrative distance for all EIGRP routes
* identifies the autonomous system number this EIGRP process will advertise
determines what metric is added to all advertised routes
indicates the number of addresses in the EIGRP routing domain

20. The show ip eigrp topology command output on a router displays a successor route and a feasible successor route to network 192.168.1.0/24. In order to reduce processor utilization, what does EIGRP do when the primary route to this network fails?

The router sends query packets to all EIGRP neighbors for a better route to network 192.168
The DUAL FSM immediately recomputes the algorithm to calculate the next backup route.
Packets that are destined for network 192.168.1.0/24 are sent out the default gateway instead.
* The backup route to network 192.168.1.0/24 is installed in the routing table.

21. What administrative distance would a router assign to a default route in EIGRP that is learned from a source external to the autonomous system?

1
5
70
90
* 170
190

22. Refer to the exhibit. Network 192.168.0.0/28 goes down. What type of packet does Router2 immediately send to Router1 and Router3?

a query for network 192.168.0.0/28
an acknowledgment packet to 224.0.0.9
an update packet that is sent to 255.255.255.255
a packet that contains the new routing table for R2
* unicast update packets to 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.2.1

Outing Protocols and Concepts - Cisco CCNA Chapter 1 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T01:00:00.000-07:00

1. If a router cannot find a valid configuration file during the startup sequence, what will occur?

The startup sequence will reset.
*The router will prompt the user for a response to enter setup mode.
The startup sequence will halt until a valid configuration file is acquired.
The router will generate a default configuration file based on the last valid configuration.
The router will monitor local traffic to determine routing protocol configuration requirements.

2.

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has configured the router with the interface IP addresses shown for the directly connected networks. Pings from the router to hosts on the connected networks or pings between router interfaces are not working. What is the most likely problem?

The destination networks do not exist.
The IP addresses on the router interfaces must be configured as network addresses and not host addresses.
* The interfaces must be enabled with the no shutdown command.
Each interface must be configured with the clock rate command.

3.

Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output in the exhibit? (Choose two.)

This router only has two interfaces.
The router interfaces are not operational yet.
This router is configured to forward packets to remote networks.
* The FastEthernet0/0 and Serial0/0/0 interfaces of this router were configured with an IP address and the no shutdown command.
* An IP packet received by this router with a destination address of 198.18.9.1 will be forwarded out of the Serial0/0/0 interface.

4.

Refer to the exhibit. The frame shown in the exhibit was received by the router. The router interfaces are operational. How will the router process this frame? (Choose two.)

The router will change the source and destination IP address in the packet before forwarding the frame.
* The router will change the frame type to one supported by the WAN link before forwarding the frame.
The router will use the destination MAC address to determine which interface to forward the packet.
The router will look up the MAC address of the S0/0/0 interface in the ARP table and add it to the frame before forwarding.
* The frame was received on the Fa0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the S0/0/0 interface.
The frame was received on the S0/0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the Fa0/0 interface.

5. Passwords can be used to restrict access to all or parts of the Cisco IOS. Select the modes and interfaces that can be protected with passwords. (Choose three.)

* VTY interface
* console interface
Ethernet interface
secret EXEC mode
* privileged EXEC mode
router configuration mode

6. Which two statements correctly describe the components of a router? (Choose two.)

RAM permanently stores the configuration file used during the boot sequence.
* ROM contains diagnostics executed on hardware modules.
NVRAM stores a backup copy of the IOS used during the boot sequence.
* Flash memory does not lose its contents during a reboot.
ROM contains the most current and most complete version of the IOS.
Flash contains boot system commands to identify the location of the IOS

7.

Refer to the exhibit. After host 2 is connected to the switch on the LAN, host 2 is unable to communicate with host 1. What is the cause of this problem?

The subnet mask of host 2 is incorrect.
* Host 1 and host 2 are on different networks.
The switch needs an IP address that is not configured.
The router LAN interface and host 1 are on different networks.
The IP address of host 1 is on a different network than is the LAN interface of the router.

8. Which are functions of a router? (Choose three.)

* packet switching
extension of network segments
* segmentation of broadcast domains
* selection of best path based on logical addressing
election of best path based on physical addressing

9.

Refer to the exhibit. All routers have a route in its routing table to each network that is shown in the exhibit. Default routes have not been issued on these routers. What can be concluded about how packets are forwarded in this network? (Choose two.)

If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.1.1, it will be forwarded out interface Fa0/0.
* If RouterA receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.3.146, it will be forwarded out interface S0/0/1.
* If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.27.15, it will be forwarded out interface S0/0/1.
If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 172.20.255.1, it will be forwarded out interface S0/0/0.
If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 192.16.5.101, it will be forwarded out interface S0/0/1.

10.

The serial connection shown in the graphic needs to be configured. Which configuration commands must be made on the Sydney router to establish connectivity with the Melbourne site? (Choose three.)
* Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.2 255.255.255.0
* Sydney(config-if)# no shutdown
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.1 255.255.255.224
* Sydney(config-if)# clock rate 56000
Sydney(config-if)# ip host Melbourne 201.100.53.2

11.

Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output of the running-configuration of a router?

The passwords are encrypted.
The current configuration was saved to NVRAM.
The configuration that is shown will be the one used on the next reboot.
* The commands that are displayed determine the current operation of the router.

12.

Refer to the exhibit. Host A pings host B. When R4 accepts the ping into the Ethernet interface, what two pieces of header information are included? (Choose two.)

source IP address: 192.168.10.129
source IP address: BBBB.3333.5677
destination IP address: 192.168.10.33
* destination IP address: 192.168.10.134
* destination MAC address: 9999.DADC.1234

13. What is the outcome of entering these commands?

R1(config)# line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)# password check123
R1(config-line)# login

ensures that a password is entered before entering user EXEC mode
* sets the password to be used for connecting to this router via Telnet
requires check123 to be entered before the configuration can be saved
creates a local user account for logging in to a router or switch

14. Which of the following is the correct flow of routines for a router startup?

* load bootstrap, load IOS, apply configuration
load bootstrap, apply configuration, load IOS
load IOS, load bootstrap, apply configuration, check hardware
check hardware, apply configuration, load bootstrap, load IOS

15. What three processes does a router execute when it receives a packet from one network that is destined for another network? (Choose three.)

* decapsulates the Layer 3 packet by stripping off the Layer 2 frame header
uses the destination MAC Address in the IP Header to look up the next-hop address in the routing table
leaves the Layer 2 frame header intact when decapsulating the Layer 3 packet
* uses the destination IP Address in the IP header to look up the next-hop address in the routing table
* encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into the new Layer 2 frame and forwards it out the exit interface
encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into a special Layer 1 frame and forwards it to the exit interface

16. The network administrator needs to connect two routers directly via their FastEthernet ports. What cable should the network administrator use?

straight-through
rollover
* cross-over
serial

17. Which two statements describe characteristics of load balancing? (Choose two.)

Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different destination networks. Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different destination networks.
* Load balancing allows a router to forward packets over multiple paths to the same destination network.
* Unequal cost load balancing is supported by EIGRP.
If multiple paths with different metrics to a destinations exist, the router cannot support load balancing.

18. What information about the router and its startup process can be gathered from the output of the show version command? (Choose three.)

* the last restart method
the command buffer contents
the amount of NVRAM and FLASH used
* the configuration register settings
* the location from where the IOS loaded

19.

Which interfaces in the exhibit could be used for a leased line WAN connection? (Choose two.)

* 1
2
3
* 4
5
6

20. From what location can a router load the Cisco IOS during the boot process? (Choose two.)

RAM
* TFTP server
NVRAM
setup routine
* Flash memory
terminal

21. A network administrator has just entered new configurations into Router1. Which command should be executed to save configuration changes to NVRAM?

Router1# copy running-config flash
Router1(config)# copy running-config flash
Router1# copy running-config startup-config
* Router1(config)# copy running-config startup-config
Router1# copy startup-config running-config
Router1(config)# copy startup-config running-config

22. What is the default sequence for loading the configuration file?

NVRAM, FLASH, ROM
FLASH, TFTP,CONSOLE
* NVRAM, TFTP, CONSOLE
FLASH, TFTP, ROM

23. What header address information does a router change in the information it receives from an attached Ethernet interface before information is transmitted out another interface?

only the Layer 2 source address
only the Layer 2 destination address
only the Layer 3 source address
only the Layer 3 destination address
* the Layer 2 source and destination address
the Layer 3 source and destination address

Routing Protocols and Concepts - Cisco CCNA Chapter 2 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:58:00.000-07:00

1 A static route that points to the next hop IP will have what administrative distance and metric in the routing table?

administrative distance of 0 and metric of 0
administrative distance of 0 and metric of 1
* administrative distance of 1 and metric of 0
administrative distance of 1 and metric of 1

2 What address can be used to summarize networks 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24, 172.16.3.0/24, and 172.16.4.0/24?

* 172.16.0.0/21
172.16.1.0/22
172.16.0.0 255.255.255.248
172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0

3

The routers in the diagram use the subnet assignments shown. What is the most efficient route summary that can be configured on Router3 to advertise the internal networks to the cloud?

192.1.1.0/26 and 192.1.1.64/27
192.1.1.128/25
192.1.1.0/23 and 192.1.1.64/23
192.1.1.0/24
* 192.1.1.0/25
192.1.1.0/24 and 192.1.1.64/24

4

Refer to the exhibit. What is the significance of the /8 in the route to the 10.0.0.0 network?

It indicates that there are 8 hops between this router and the 10.0.0.0 network.
It represents the time, in milliseconds, it takes for a ping to reply when sent to the 10.0.0.0 network.
It indicates that there are 8 subnets in the destination network to which the router can forward packets.
* It indicates the number of consecutive bits, from the left, in the destination IP address of a packet that must match 10.0.0.0 to use that route.

5

Refer to the exhibit. How will packets destined to the 172.16.0.0 network be forwarded?

* Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/0.
Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/1.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will be dropped.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will take gateway of last resort and exit out S0/2.

6 A network administrator enters the following command into Router1: ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 S0/1/0. Router1 then receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.0.22/24. After finding the recently configured static route in the routing table, what does Router1 do next to process the packet?

drops the packet because the destination host is not listed in the routing table
looks up the MAC address of the S0/1/0 interface to determine the destination MAC address of the new frame
performs a recursive lookup for the IP address of the S0/1/0 interface before forwarding the packet
* encapsulates the packet into a frame for the WAN link and forwards the packet out the S0/1/0 interface

7
Refer to the exhibit. Given the output in the exhibit, how would a clock rate be determined for this link?

The rate would be negotiated by both routers.
A rate would not be selected due to the DCE/DTE connection mismatch.
The rate configured on the DTE determines the clock rate.
* The rate configured on the DCE determines the clock rate.

8
Refer to the exhibit. Which set of commands will configure static routes that will allow the WinterPark and the Altamonte routers to deliver packets from each LAN and direct all other traffic to the Internet?

* WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 198.18.222.0 255.255.255.255 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0

9 Hosts on two separate subnets cannot communicate. The network administrator suspects a missing route in one of the routing tables. Which three commands can be used to help troubleshoot Layer 3 connectivity issues? (Choose three.)

* ping
show arp
* traceroute
* show ip route
show interface
show cdp neighbor detail

10
Refer to the exhibit. A company network engineer is assigned to establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks so that hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 subnet can contact hosts on the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet. The engineer has been told to use only static routing for these company routers. Which set of commands will establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks?

R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
* R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1
R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1

11 Which of the following are displayed by the Router# show cdp neighbors command? (Choose three.)

load
* platform
reliability
* holdtime
* local interface

12
Refer to the exhibit. What two commands are required to provide connectivity between the 192.168.1.0 and 10.0.0.0 networks without requiring recursive lookup? (Choose two.)

* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/1/0
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A (config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/0/0
* B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/0/0
B (config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1
B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/1/0

13
Refer to the exhibit. What two commands will change the next-hop address for the 10.0.0.0/8 network from 172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose two.)

A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# no ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
* A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0/0/0
* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2

14 What happens to a static route entry in a routing table when the outgoing interface is not available?

* The route is removed from the table.
The router polls neighbors for a replacement route.
The route remains in the table because it was defined as static.
The router redirects the static route to compensate for the loss of the next hop device.

15 A router has one static route to each destination network. Which two scenarios would require an administrator to alter the static routes that are configured on that router? (Choose two.)

* The destination network no longer exists.
The destination network is moved to a different interface on the same router.
The path between the source and destination is upgraded with a higher bandwidth link.
* A topology change occurs where the existing next-hop address or exit interface is not accessible.
The remote destination network interface has to be down for 15 minutes of maintenance.

16 Why is it advisable to enter a next-hop IP address when creating a static route whose exit interface is an Ethernet network?

Adding the next-hop address eliminates the need for the router to do any lookups in the routing table before forwarding a packet.
* In a multi-access network, the router cannot determine the next-hop MAC address for the Ethernet frame without a next-hop address.
Using a next-hop address in a static route provides a route with a lower metric.
In multi-access networks, using a next-hop address in a static route makes that route a candidate default route.

17 The output of the Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 command displays the following:

Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.

What is the most likely cause for the line protocol being down?

Serial0/1 is shutdown.
There is no cable connecting the routers.
The remote router is using serial 0/0.
* No clock rate has been set.

18
Refer to the exhibit. Which static route should be configured on Router1 so that host A will be able to reach host B on the 172.16.0.0 network?

ip route 192.168.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/1
* ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0

19 What two devices are responsible for converting the data from the WAN service provider into a form acceptable by the router? (Choose two).

the serial port of the router
* a modem
a switch
the ethernet port of the router
* a CSU/DSU device
a DTE device

20
Which of the following is true regarding CDP and the graphic shown?

CDP running on Router D will gather information about routers A, B, C, and E.
* By default, Router A will receive CDP advertisements from routers B and C.
If routers D and E are running different routing protocols, they will not exchange CDP information.
Router E can use CDP to identify the IOS running on Router B.

21 Which two statements describe functions or characteristics of CDP? (Choose two.)

* It starts up automatically and allows the device to detect directly connected neighbor devices that use CDP.
It operates at the network layer and allows two systems to learn about each other.
It creates a topology map of the entire network.
* It allows systems to learn about each other even if different network layer protocols are configured.
It forwards advertisements about routes for faster convergence.

22 Which piece of information is available from examining the output of the command show ip interface brief?

Interface speed and duplex
Interface MTU
Errors
Interface MAC address
* Interface IP address

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 3 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:52:00.000-07:00

1 A network administrator is designing a network for a new branch office of twenty-five users. What are the advantages of using a client-server model? (Choose two.)
* centralized administration
does not require specialized software
* security is easier to enforce
lower cost implementation
provides a single point of failure

2 Which of the following are benefits of peer-to-peer networks? (Choose three.)
centralized security
* easy to create
very scalable
* no centralized equipment required
* centralized administrator not required
centralized control of assets

3 Which two protocols are used to control the transfer of web resources from a web server to a client browser? (Choose two.)
ASP
FTP
HTML
* HTTP
* HTTPS
IP

4 Which statements are correct concerning the role of the MTA in handling email? (Choose three.)
routes email to the MDA on other servers
* receives email from the client's MUA
receives email via the POP3 protocol
* passes email to the MDA for final delivery
* uses SMTP to route email between servers
delivers email to clients via the POP3 protocol

5 What is the automated service that matches resource names with the required IP address?
HTTP
SSH
FQDN
* DNS
Telnet
SMTP

6 What three protocols operate at the Application layer of the OSI model? (Choose three.)
ARP
* DNS
PPP
* SMTP
* POP
ICMP

7 What are the two forms of application layer software? (Choose two.)
* applications
processes
* services
dialogs
syntax
daemons

8 What are three properties of peer-to-peer applications? (Choose three.)
* acts as both a client and server within the same communication
requires centralized account administration
* hybrid mode includes a centralized directory of files
* can be used in client-server networks
does not require specialized software
centralized authentication is required

9 Which application layer protocols correctly match a corresponding function? (Choose two.)
DNS dynamically allocates IP addresses to hosts
* HTTP transfers data from a web server to a client
POP delivers email from the client to the server email server
SMTP supports file sharing
Telnet provides a virtual connection for remote access

10 Which are valid DNS resource record types? (Choose three.)
* A
* NS
MTA
* MX
FQDN
MAU

11 Which email components are used to forward mail between servers? (Choose two.)
MDA
IMAP
* MTA
POP
* SMTP
MUA

12 What is the primary disadvantage of telnet?
does not support authentication
consumes network bandwidth
utilizes client resources
not widely available
* does not support encryption
requires remote access

13 What are three common HTTP message types? (Choose three.)
* GET
PUSH
* POST
HTML
UPLOAD
* PUT

14 Which of the following are examples of TCP/IP application layer protocols? (Choose three.)
* a terminal emulation protocol that supports remote console connections with various network devices
a protocol created by IBM that makes it easier for mainframes to connect to remote offices
* a protocol responsible for transporting electronic mail on TCP/IP networks and the Internet
a protocol that controls the rate at which data is sent to another computer
* a protocol that exchanges network management information between a network device and a management console.
Reference

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 4 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:47:00.000-07:00

1 Refer to the exhibit. What two pieces of information can be determined from the output that is shown? (Choose two.)
The local host is using well-known port numbers to identify the source ports.
* A termination request has been sent to 192.135.250.10.
Communication with 64.100.173.42 is using HTTP Secure.
* The local computer is accepting HTTP requests.
192.168.1.101:1042 is performing the three-way handshake with 128.107.229.50:80.

2 After a web browser makes a request to a web server that is listening to the standard port, what will be the source port number in the TCP header of the response from the server?
13
53
* 80
1024
1728

3 Which information is found in both the TCP and UDP header information?
sequencing
flow control
acknowledgments
*source and destination

4 Which is an important characteristic of UDP?
acknowledgement of data delivery
* minimal delays in data delivery
high reliability of data delivery
same order data delivery

5 Refer to the exhibit. Host A is using FTP to download a large file from Server 1. During the download process, Server 1 does not receive an acknowledgment from Host A for several bytes of transferred data. What action will Server 1 take as a result?
create a Layer 1 jam signal
* reach a timeout and resend the data that needs to be acknowledged
send a RESET bit to the host
change the window size in the Layer 4 header

6 Refer to the exhibit. In line 7 of this Wireshark capture, what TCP operation is being performed?
* session establishment
segment retransmit
data transfer
session disconnect

7 Refer to the exhibit. The initial TCP exchange of data between two hosts is shown in the exhibit. Assuming an initial sequence number of 0, what sequence number will be included in Acknowledgment 2 if Segment 6 is lost?
2
3
6
* 1850
3431
3475

8 Why is flow control used for TCP data transfer?
to synchronize equipment speed for sent data
to synchronize and order sequence numbers so data is sent in complete numerical order
* to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by incoming data
to synchronize window size on the server
to simplify data transfer to multiple hosts

9 During a TCP communication session, if the packets arrive to the destination out of order, what will happen to the original message?
The packets will not be delivered.
The packets will be retransmitted from the source.
* The packets will be delivered and reassembled at the destination.
The packets will be delivered and not reassembled at the destination.

10 With TCP/IP data encapsulation, which range of port numbers identifies all well-known applications?
0 to 255
256 to 1022
* 0 to 1023
1024 to 2047
49153 to 65535

11 Which transport layer protocol provides low overhead and would be used for applications which do not require reliable data delivery?
TCP
IP
* UDP
HTTP
DNS

12 What are two features of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)? (Choose two.)
flow control
* low overhead
* connectionless
connection-oriented
sequence and acknowledgements

13 What mechanism is used by TCP to provide flow control as segments travel from source to destination?
sequence numbers
session establishment
* window size
acknowledgments

14 What is dynamically selected by the source host when forwarding data?
destination logical address
source physical address
default gateway address
* source port

15 Why are port numbers included in the TCP header of a segment?
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
* to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order

16 Which two options represent Layer 4 addressing? (Choose two.)
identifies the destination network
identifies source and destination hosts
* identifies the communicating applications
* identifies multiple conversations between the hosts
identifies the devices communicating over the local media

17 Which three features allow TCP to reliably and accurately track the transmission of data from source to destination?
encapsulation
* flow control
connectionless services
* session establishment
* numbering and sequencing
best effort delivery

18 Which OSI model layer is responsible for regulating the flow of information from source to destination, reliably and accurately?
application
presentation
session
* transport
network

19 Based on the transport layer header shown in the diagram, which of the following statements describe the established session? (Choose two.)
This is a UDP header.
* This contains a Telnet request.
This contains a TFTP data transfer.
The return packet from this remote host will have an Acknowledgement Number of 43693.
* This is a TCP header.

20 Which event occurs during the transport layer three-way handshake?
The two applications exchange data.
* TCP initializes the sequence numbers for the sessions.
UDP establishes the maximum number of bytes to be sent.
The server acknowledges the bytes of data received from the client.

Reference

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 5 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:44:00.000-07:00

1
In an IPv4 environment, what information is used by the router to forward data packets from one interface of a router to another?
* destination network address
source network address
source MAC address
well known port destination address

2
What information is added during encapsulation at OSI Layer 3?
source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
*source and destination IP address

3
In a connectionless system, which of the following is correct?
The destination is contacted before a packet is sent.
* The destination is not contacted before a packet is sent.
The destination sends an acknowledgement to the source that indicates the packet was received.
The destination sends an acknowledgement to the source that requests the next packet to be sent.

4
Which IP packet field will prevent endless loops?
type-of-service
identification
flags
* time-to-live
header checksum

5
Which portion of the network layer address does a router use to forward packets?
host portion
broadcast address
* network portion
gateway address

6

Refer to the exhibit. Using the network in the exhibit, what would be the default gateway address for host A in the 192.133.219.0 network?
192.135.250.1
192.31.7.1
192.133.219.0
* 192.133.219.1

7
If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?
The host is unable to communicate on the local network.
* The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks.
The host can communicate with other hosts on remote networks, but is unable to communicate with hosts on the local network.
There is no impact on communications.

8
What is the purpose of a default gateway?
physically connects a computer to a network
provides a permanent address to a computer
identifies the network to which a computer is connected
identifies the logical address of a networked computer and uniquely identifies it to the rest of the network
* identifies the device that allows local network computers to communicate with devices on other networks

9
What type of routing uses information that is manually entered into the routing table?
dynamic
interior
* static
standard

10
When the destination network is not listed in the routing table of a Cisco router, what are two possible actions that the router might take? (Choose two.)
* The router sends an ARP request to determine the required next hop address.
The router discards the packet.
The router forwards the packet toward the next hop indicated in the ARP table.
*The router forwards the packet to the interface indicated by the source address.
The router forwards the packet out the interface indicated by the default route entry.

11 What are the key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network? (Choose three.)
* gateways
purpose
physical addressing
software version
* geographic location
* ownership

12
What is a component of a routing table entry?
the MAC address of the interface of the router
the destination Layer 4 port number
the destination host address
*the next-hop address

13
Which intermediary devices could be used to implement security between networks? (Choose two.)
* router
hub
switch
* firewall
access point
bridge

14
What are three common problems with a large network? (Choose three.)
too few broadcasts
*performance degradation
* security issues
* limited management responsibility
host identification
protocol compatibility

15
Refer to the exhibit. All devices shown in the exhibit have factory default settings. How many broadcast domains are represented in the topology that is shown?
3
* 4
5
7
8
11

16
Which three statements are true about routes and their use? (Choose three.)
If no route to the destination network is found, the packet is returned to the previous router.
If the destination network is directly connected, the router forwards the packet to the destination host.
* If multiple network entries exist for the destination network, the most general route is used to forward the packet.
* If no route exists for the destination network and a default route is present, the packet is forwarded to the next-hop router.
* If the originating host has a default gateway configured, the packet for a remote network can be forwarded using that route.
If a host does not have a route manually configured for the destination network, the host will drop the packet.

17
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is troubleshooting a connectivity problem and needs to determine the address that is used to forward network packets out the network. Using the netstat -r command, the administrator would identify which address as the address to which all hosts send packets that are destined for an outside network?
10.10.10.26
127.0.0.1
* 10.10.10.6
10.10.10.1
224.0.0.0

18
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator notices that there are too many broadcasts on the network. What two steps can the network administrator take to resolve this problem? (Choose two.)
* Replace S2 with a router.
Place all servers on S1.
Disable TCP/IP broadcasts.
* Subnet the 192.168.0.0 /24 network.
Disable all unused interfaces on the switches.

19
Refer to the exhibit. The network in the exhibit is fully operational. What two statements correctly describe the routing for the topology that is shown? (Choose two.)
* 192.168.0.2 is the next-hop address that is used by R3 to route a packet from the 10.0.0.0 network to the 172.16.0.0 network.
10.0.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R1 to route a packet from the 192.168.12.0 network to the 10.0.0.0 network.
192.168.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R1 to route a packet from the 192.168.12.0 network to the 172.16.0.0 network.
172.16.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R3 to route a packet from the 10.0.0.0 to the 172.16.0.0 network.
* 192.168.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R2 to route a packet from the 172.16.0.0 network to the 192.168.12.0 network.
192.168.0.2 is the next-hop address that is used by R2 to route a packet from the 172.16.0.0 network to the 192.168.12.0 network.

20
What two characteristics are commonly associated with dynamic routing protocols? (Choose two.)
require no device configuration
* provide routers with up-to-date routing tables
require less processing power than static routes require
consume bandwidth to exchange route information
* prevent manual configuration and maintenance of the routing table

21
What statement describes the purpose of a default route?
A host uses a default route to transfer data to another host on the same network segment.
A host uses a default route to forward data to the local switch as the next hop to all destinations.
A host uses a default route to identify the Layer 2 address of an end device on the local network.
* A host uses a default route to transfer data to a host outside the local network when no other route to the destination exists.

Reference

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 6 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:42:00.000-07:00

1
How many bits make up an IPv4 address?128
64
48
* 32
2
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has to develop an IP addressing scheme that uses the 192.168.1.0 /24 address space. The network that contains the serial link has already been addressed out of a separate range. Each network will be allocated the same number of host addresses. Which network mask will be appropriate to address the remaining networks?255.255.255.248
255.255.255.224
* 255.255.255.192
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.2523
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has assigned the internetwork of LBMISS an address range of 192.168.10.0. This address range has been subnetted using a /29 mask. In order to accommodate a new building, the technician has decided to use the fifth subnet for configuring the new network (subnet zero is the first subnet). By company policies, the router interface is always assigned the first usable host address and the workgroup server is given the last usable host address. Which configuration should be entered into the workgroup server's properties to allow connectivity to the network?

IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.240 default gateway: 192.168.10.39
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.240 default gateway: 192.168.10.33
* IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.33
IP address: 192.168.10.39 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.31
IP address: 192.168.10.254 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 default gateway: 192.168.10.1

4
Refer to the exhibit. Which network prefix will work with the IP addressing scheme shown in the graphic.

/24
/16
/20
* /27
/25
/28

5
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator discovers that host A is having trouble with Internet connectivity, but the server farm has full connectivity. In addition, host A has full connectivity to the server farm. What is a possible cause of this problem?

The router has an incorrect gateway.
Host A has an overlapping network address.
Host A has an incorrect default gateway configured.
Host A has an incorrect subnet mask.
* NAT is required for the host A network.

6
What subnet mask would a network administrator assign to a network address of 172.30.1.0 if it were possible to have up to 254 hosts?

255.255.0.0
* 255.255.255.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.248.0

7
Given the IP address and subnet mask of 172.16.134.64 255.255.255.224, which of the following would describe this address?

This is a useable host address.
This is a broadcast address.
* This is a network address.
This is not a valid address.

8
What three facts are true about the network portion of an IPv4 address? (Choose three.)

identifies an individual device
is identical for all hosts in a broadcast domain
* is altered as packet is forwarded
* varies in length
* is used to forward packets
uses flat addressing

9
What is the network address of the host 172.25.67.99 /23 in binary?

10101100. 00011001.01000011.00000000
10101100. 00011001.01000011.11111111
* 10101100. 00011001.01000010.00000000
10101100. 00011001.01000010.01100011
10101100. 00010001.01000011. 01100010
10101100. 00011001.00000000.00000000

10
A router interface has been assigned an IP address of 172.16.192.166 with a mask of 255.255.255.248. To which subnet does the IP address belong?

172.16.0.0
172.16.192.0
172.16.192.128
* 172.16.192.160
172.16.192.168
172.16.192.176

11
Refer to the exhibit. Why would the response shown be displayed after issuing the command ping 127.0.0.1 on a PC?

* The IP settings are not properly configured on the host.
Internet Protocol is not properly installed on the host.
There is a problem at the physical or data link layer.
The default gateway device is not operating.
A router on the path to the destination host has gone down.

12
What two things will happen if a router receives an ICMP packet which has a TTL value of 1 and the destination host is several hops away? (Choose two.)

The router will discard the packet.
The router will decrement the TTL value and forward the packet to the next router on the path to the destination host.
* The router will send a time exceeded message to the source host.
The router will increment the TTL value and forward the packet to the next router on the path to the destination host.
* The router will send an ICMP Redirect Message to the source host.

13
Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is designing security rules for the 192.168.22.0 /24 network. Each security rule requires an address and mask pair to represent the machines that will be affected by the rule. Which two address and mask pairs will be the most precise way to reference the servers and hosts separately. (Choose two.)

192.168.22.40 255.255.255.248
192.168.22.40 255.255.255.252
192.168.22.100 255.255.255.128
* 192.168.22.100 255.255.255.254
* 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.192
192.168.22.101 255.255.255.224

14
Which of the following are features of IPv6? (Choose three.)

* larger address space
faster routing protocols
* data types and classes of service
* authentication and encryption
improved host naming conventions
same addressing scheme as IPv4

15
Which process do routers use to determine the subnet network address based upon a given IP address and subnet mask?

binary adding
hexadecimal anding
binary division
binary multiplication
* binary ANDing

16
What is the primary reason for development of IPv6?

security
header format simplification
* expanded addressing capabilities
addressing simplification

17
Which three IP addresses are private? (Choose three.)

172.168.33.1
* 10.35.66.70
* 192.168.99.5
* 172.18.88.90
192.33.55.89
172.35.16.5

18
Which statements are true regarding IP addressing? (Choose two.)

NAT translates public addresses to private addresses destined for the Internet.
Only one company is allowed to use a specific private network address space.
* Private addresses are blocked from public Internet by router.
Network 172.32.0.0 is part of the private address space.
* IP address 127.0.0.1 can be used for a host to direct traffic to itself.

19
Which IPv4 subnetted addresses represent valid host addresses? (Choose three.)

172.16.4.127 /26
* 172.16.4.155 /26
* 172.16.4.193 /26
172.16.4.95 /27
172.16.4.159 /27
* 172.16.4.207 /27

20
What is a group of hosts called that have identical bit patterns in the high order bits of their addresses?

an internet
* a network
an octet
* a radi

21
Refer to the exhibit. Host A is connected to the LAN, but it cannot get access to any resources on the Internet. The configuration of the host is shown in the exhibit. What could be the cause of the problem?

The host subnet mask is incorrect.
The default gateway is a network address.
The default gateway is a broadcast address.
* The default gateway is on a different subnet from the host.

22
Which of the following network devices are recommended to be assigned static IP addresses? (Choose three.)

LAN workstations
* servers
* network printers
* routers
remote workstations
laptops

Reference

Cisco CCNA X-Plor : Ch 7 Exam Answer

2009-05-01T00:41:00.000-07:00

1
Which options are properties of contention-based media access for a shared media? (Choose three.)
* non-deterministic
* less overhead
one station transmits at a time
* collisions exist
devices must wait their turn
token passing2
What is a primary purpose of encapsulating packets into frames?
provide routes across the internetwork
format the data for presentation to the user
* facilitate the entry and exit of data on media
identify the services to which transported data is associated3
Refer to the exhibit. How many unique CRC calculations will take place as traffic routes from the PC to the laptop?
1
* 2
4
84
What is true concerning physical and logical topologies?
The logical topology is always the same as the physical topology.
Physical topologies are concerned with how a network transfers frames.
Physical signal paths are defined by Data Link layer protocols.
* Logical topologies consist of virtual connections between nodes.5

Refer to the exhibit. Assuming that the network in the exhibit is converged meaning the routing tables and ARP tables are complete, which MAC address will Host A place in the destination address field of Ethernet frames destined for www.server?
00-1c-41-ab-c0-00
* 00-0c-85-cf-65-c0
00-0c-85-cf-65-c1
00-12-3f-32-05-af6
What are three characteristics of valid Ethernet Layer 2 addresses? (Choose three.)
* They are 48 binary bits in length.
They are considered physical addresses.
* They are generally represented in hexadecimal format.
They consist of four eight-bit octets of binary numbers.
They are used to determine the data path through the network.
* They must be changed when an Ethernet device is added or moved within the network.

7

Refer to the exhibit. A frame is being sent from the PC to the laptop. Which source MAC and IP addresses will be included in the frame as it leaves RouterB? (Choose two.)
source MAC - PC
source MAC - S0/0 on RouterA
* source MAC - Fa0/1 on RouterB
* source IP - PC
source IP - S0/0 on RouterA
source IP - Fa0/1 of RouterB

8
What determines the method of media access control? (Choose two.)
network layer addressing
* media sharing
application processes
* logical topology
intermediary device function

9
What is the purpose of the preamble in an Ethernet frame?
is used as a pad for data
identifies the source address
identifies the destination address
marks the end of timing information
* is used for timing synchronization with alternating patterns of ones and zeros

10
What statements are true regarding addresses found at each layer of the OSI model? (Choose two.)
* Layer 2 may identify devices by a physical address burned into the network card
Layer 2 identifies the applications that are communicating
* Layer 3 represents a hierarchical addressing scheme
Layer 4 directs communication to the proper destination network
Layer 4 addresses are used by intermediary devices to forward data

11
Which statements describe the logical token-passing topology? (Choose two.)
Network usage is on a first come, first serve basis.
* Computers are allowed to transmit data only when they possess a token.
Data from a host is received by all other hosts.
* Electronic tokens are passed sequentially to each other.
Token passing networks have problems with high collision rates.

12
Which sublayer of the data link layer prepares a signal to be transmitted at the physical layer?
LLC
* MAC
HDLC
NIC

13
What is true regarding media access control? (Choose three.)
* Ethernet utilizes CSMA/CD
* defined as placement of data frames on the media
contention-based access is also known as deterministic
802.11 utilizes CSMA/CD
* Data Link layer protocols define the rules for access to different media
controlled access contains data collisions

14
What is a characteristic of a logical point-to-point topology?
The nodes are physically connected.
The physical arrangement of the nodes is restricted.
* The media access control protocol can be very simple.
The data link layer protocol used over the link requires a large frame header.

15
What two facts are true when a device is moved from one network or subnet to another? (Choose two.)
The Layer 2 address must be reassigned.
The default gateway address should not be changed.
* The device will still operate at the same Layer 2 address.
Applications and services will need additional port numbers assigned.
* The Layer 3 address must be reassigned to allow communications to the new network.

16
What is a function of the data link layer?
provides the formatting of data
provides end-to-end delivery of data between hosts
provides delivery of data between two applications
* provides for the exchange data over a common local media

17
Which three factors should be considered when implementing a Layer 2 protocol in a network? (Choose three.)
the Layer 3 protocol selected
* the geographic scope of the network
the PDU defined by the transport layer
* the physical layer implementation
* the number of hosts to be interconnected

18
What is the primary purpose of the trailer in a data link layer frame?
define the logical topology
provide media access control
* support frame error detection
carry routing information for the frame

19
A network administrator has been asked to provide a graphic representation of exactly where the company network wiring and equipment are located in the building. What is this type of drawing?
logical topology
* physical topology
cable path
wiring grid
access topology

20

Refer to the exhibit. Which statement describes the media access control methods that are used by the networks in the exhibit?
All three networks use CSMA/CA
None of the networks require media access control.
* Network 1 uses CSMA/CD and Network 3 uses CSMA/CA.
Network 1 uses CSMA/CA and Network 2 uses CSMA/CD.
Network 2 uses CSMA/CA and Network 3 uses CSMA/CD.

Reference

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 8 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:39:00.000-07:00

1 Which type of cable run is most often associated with fiber-optic cable?
* backbone cable
horizontal cable
patch cable
work area cable2
In most business LANs, which connector is used with twisted-pair networking cable?
BNC
RJ-11
* RJ-45
Type F3
When is a straight-through cable used in a network?
when connecting a router through the console port
when connecting one switch to another switch
* when connecting a host to a switch
when connecting a router to another router4
With the use of unshielded twisted-pair copper wire in a network, what causes crosstalk within the cable pairs?
* the magnetic field around the adjacent pairs of wire
the use of braided wire to shield the adjacent wire pairs
the reflection of the electrical wave back from the far end of the cable
the collision caused by two nodes trying to use the media simultaneously
5
Which OSI layer is responsible for binary transmission, cable specification, and physical aspects of network communication?
Presentation
Transport
Data Link
* Physical
6
An installed fiber run can be checked for faults, integrity, and the performance of the media by using what device?
light injector
* OTDR
TDR
multimeter
7
XYZ Company is installing new cable runs on their data network. What two types of cable would most commonly be used for new runs? (Choose two.)
* coax
Cat4 UTP
Cat5 UTP
* Cat6 UTP
STP
8
What is a possible effect of improperly applying a connector to a network cable?
Data will be forwarded to the wrong node.
* Data transmitted through that cable may experience signal loss.
An improper signaling method will be implemented for data transmitted on that cable.
The encoding method for data sent on that cable will change to compensate for the improper connection.
9
What are three measures of data transfer? (Choose three.)
goodput
* frequency
amplitude
* throughput
crosstalk
**bandwidth
10
Refer to the exhibit. Which type of Category 5 cable is used to make an Ethernet connection between Host A and Host B?
coax cable
rollover cable
* crossover cable
straight-through cable

11
In LAN installations where potential electrical hazards or electromagnetic interference may be present, what type of media is recommended for backbone cabling?
coax
* fiber
Cat5e UTP
Cat6 UTP
STP
12
Which fiber connector supports full duplex Ethernet?

*

13
Which method of signal transmission uses radio waves to carry signals?
electrical
optical
* wireless
acoustic
14
Which characteristics describe fiber optic cable? (Choose two.)
* It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding and twisting to protect data.
It has a maximum speed of 100 Mbps.
* It is the most expensive type of LAN cabling.
15
Which of the following is a characteristic of single-mode fiber-optic cable?
* generally uses LEDs as the light source
relatively larger core with multiple light paths
less expensive than multimode
generally uses lasers as the light source
16
What is considered a benefit of wireless as a media choice?
* more host mobility
lower security risks
reduced susceptibility to interference
less impact of the surroundings on the effective coverage area
17
What characteristic of UTP cable helps reduce the effects of interference?
the metal braiding in the shielding
the reflective cladding around core
* the twisting of the wires in the cable
the insulating material in the outer jacket
18
What is a primary role of the Physical layer in transmitting data on the network?
* create the signals that represent the bits in each frame on to the media
provide physical addressing to the devices
determine the path packets take through the network
control data access to the media

Reference

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 9 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:38:00.000-07:00

1

In the graphic, Host A has reached 50% completion in sending a 1 KB Ethernet frame to Host D when Host B wishes to transmit its own frame to Host C. What must Host B do?
Host B can transmit immediately since it is connected on its own cable segment.
Host B must wait to receive a CSMA transmission from the hub, to signal its turn.
Host B must send a request signal to Host A by transmitting an interframe gap.
* Host B must wait until it is certain that Host A has completed sending its frame.
2 Ethernet operates at which layers of the OSI model? (Choose two.)
Network layer
Transport layer
* Physical layer
Application layer
Session layer
* Data-link layer
3 Which of the following describe interframe spacing? (Choose two.)
* the minimum interval, measured in bit-times, that any station must wait before sending another frame
the maximum interval, measured in bit-times, that any station must wait before sending another frame
the 96-bit payload padding inserted into a frame to achieve a legal frame size
the 96-bit frame padding transmitted between frames to achieve proper synchronization
* the time allowed for slow stations to process a frame and prepare for the next frame
the maximum interval within which a station must send another frame to avoid being considered unreachable
4 What three primary functions does data link layer encapsulation provide? (Choose three.)
* addressing
* error detection
* frame delimiting
port identification
path determination
IP address resolution
5 When a collision occurs in a network using CSMA/CD, how do hosts with data to transmit respond after the backoff period has expired?
* The hosts return to a listen-before-transmit mode.
The hosts creating the collision have priority to send data.
The hosts creating the collision retransmit the last 16 frames.
The hosts extend their delay period to allow for rapid transmission.
6 What are three functions of the upper data link sublayer in the OSI model? (Choose three.)
recognizes streams of bits
* identifies the network layer protocol
* makes the connection with the upper layers identifies the source and destination applications
* insulates network layer protocols from changes in physical equipment
determines the source of a transmission when multiple devices are transmitting
7 What does the IEEE 802.2 standard represent in Ethernet technologies?
MAC sublayer
Physical layer
* Logical Link
Control sublayer
Network layer
8 Why do hosts on an Ethernet segment that experience a collision use a random delay before attempting to transmit a frame?
A random delay is used to ensure a collision-free link.
A random delay value for each device is assigned by the manufacturer.
A standard delay value could not be agreed upon among networking device vendors.
* A random delay helps prevent the stations from experiencing another collision during the transmission.
9 Refer to the exhibit. Which option correctly matches the frame field type with the contents that frame field includes?
* header field - preamble and stop frame
data field - network layer packet
data field - physical addressing
trailer field - FCS and SoF
10 Host A has an IP address of 172.16.225.93 and a mask of 255.255.248.0. Host A needs to communicate with a new host whose IP is 172.16.231.78. Host A performs the ANDing operation on the destination address. What two things will occur? (Choose two.)
Host A will change the destination IP to the IP of the nearest router and forward the packet.
Host A will broadcast an ARP request for the MAC of its default gateway.
A result of 172.16.225.0 will be obtained.
* Host A will broadcast an ARP request for the MAC of the destination host.
A result of 172.16.224.0 will be obtained.
* A result of 172.16.225.255 will be obtained.
11 Which of the following is a drawback of the CSMA/CD access method?
* Collisions can decrease network performance.
It is more complex than non-deterministic protocols.
Deterministic media access protocols slow network performance.
CSMA/CD LAN technologies are only available at slower speeds than other LAN technologies.
12 Ethernet operates at which layer of the TCP/IP network model?
application
physical
transport
internet
data link
* network access
13 What is the primary purpose of ARP?
translate URLs to IP addresses
* resolve IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses
provide dynamic IP configuration to network devices
convert internal private addresses to external public addresses
14

Refer to the exhibit. The switch and workstation are administratively configured for full-duplex operation. Which statement accurately reflects the operation of this link?
* No collisions will occur on this link.
Only one of the devices can transmit at a time.
The switch will have priority for transmitting data.
The devices will default back to half duplex if excessive collisions occur.
15

Refer to the exhibit. Host_A is attempting to contact Server_B. Which statements correctly describe the addressing Host_A will generate in the process? (Choose two.)
A packet with the destination IP of Router_B.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Switch_A.
A packet with the destination IP of Router_A.
* A frame with the destination MAC address of Router_A.
* A packet with the destination IP of Server_B.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Server_B.
16 Which statements correctly describe MAC addresses? (Choose three.)
dynamically assigned
* copied into RAM during system startup
layer 3 address
* contains a 3 byte OUI
* 6 bytes long
32 bits long
17 Which two features make switches preferable to hubs in Ethernet-based networks? (Choose two.)
reduction in cross-talk
* minimizing of collisions
support for UTP cabling
* division into broadcast domains
increase in the throughput of communications
18 What are the two most commonly used media types in Ethernet networks today? (Choose two.)
* coaxial thicknet
copper UTP
coaxial thinnet
optical fiber
* shielded twisted pair
19 Convert the binary number 10111010 into its hexadecimal equivalent. Select the correct answer from the list below.
85
90
* BA
A1
B3
1C
20 After an Ethernet collision, when the backoff algorithm is invoked, which device has priority to transmit data?
the device involved in the collision with the lowest MAC address
the device involved in the collision with the lowest IP address
* any device in the collision domain whose backoff timer expires first
those that began transmitting at the same time

Refer to the exhibit. What command was executed on a host computer to produce the results shown?
route PRINT
* arp -a
arp -d
netstat
telnet

Reference

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 10 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:37:00.000-07:00

1
Refer to the exhibit. A student working in the lab selects a cable that is wired as shown. Which connection types can successfully be made with this cable? (Choose two.)
*connecting a PC to a router's console port
connecting two routers together via their fast ethernet ports
connecting two switches together at gigabit speeds
*connecting a PC to a switch at Gigabit Ethernet speeds
connecting two devices with the same interface type at Fast Ethernet speeds2
Which three statements are true about the role of routers in the network? (Choose three.)
They propagate broadcasts.
They enlarge collision domains.
They segment broadcast domains.
* They interconnect different network technologies.
* Each router interface requires a separate network or subnet.
* They maintain a common frame format between LAN and WAN interfaces.3
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has decided to use packet capture software to evaluate all traffic from the student subnet on the way to the Internet. To ensure that all packets are captured, what network device should be used to connect the monitoring station to the network between R1 and R2?
* router
hub
switch
wireless access point4
A network administrator is required to use media in the network that can run up to 100 meters in cable length without using repeaters. The chosen media must be inexpensive and easily installed. The installation will be in a pre-existing building with limited cabling space. Which type of media would best meet these requirements?
STP
* UTP
coaxial
single-mode fiber
multimode fiber

5
Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true about the exhibited topology? (Choose three.)
Hosts B and C are in the same subnet.
* Five broadcast domains are present.
* Host B is using a crossover cable to connect to the router.
Four broadcast domains are present.
*Five networks are shown.
Host B is using a rollover cable to connect to the router.

6
Which three types of connectors are commonly associated with Cisco's V.35 serial cables? (Choose three.)
RJ 11
* DB 60
* Winchester 15 pin
DB 9
* smart serial
RJ 45

7
How many host addresses may be assigned on each subnetwork when using the 130.68.0.0 network address with a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0?
30
256
* 2046
2048
4094
4096

8
Refer to the exhibit. Based on the IP configuration shown, what would be the result of Host A and Host B attempting to communicate outside the network segment?
both host A and B would be successful
* host A would be successful, host B would fail
host B would be successful, host A would fail
both Host A and B would fail

9
Refer to the exhibit. What destination IP address will PC1 place in the header for a packet destined for PC2?
192.168.1.1
192.168.2.1
192.168.2.2
192.168.3.1
* 192.168.3.54

10
Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements identify the type of cabling that would be used in the segments that are shown? (Choose three.)
Segment 1 uses backbone cabling.
* Segment 1 uses a patch cable.
Segment 3 uses patch cabling.
Segment 3 uses vertical cabling.
* Segment 3 uses horizontal cabling.
* Segment 4 uses vertical cabling.

11
A company is planning to subnet its network for a maximum of 27 hosts. Which subnet mask would provide the needed hosts and leave the fewest unused addresses in each subnet?
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.192
* 255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248

12
Refer to the exhibit. A student is setting up a home network primarily used for extensive file transfers, streaming video, and gaming. Which network device is best suited to these types of activities in the topology shown?
wireless access point
router
hub
* switch

13
Refer to the exhibit. How many subnets are required to support the network that is shown?
2
* 3
4
5

14
What does the term "attenuation" mean in data communication?
* loss of signal strength as distance increases
time for a signal to reach its destination
leakage of signals from one cable pair to another
strengthening of a signal by a networking device

15
To establish a console connection from a computer to a Cisco router, which cable wiring option would be used?
* crossover cable
straight through cable
rollover cable
V.35 cable

16
What makes fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting buildings? (Choose three.)
* greater distances per cable run
lower installation cost
*limited susceptibility to EMI/RFI
durable connections
*greater bandwidth potential
easily terminated

17
Refer to the exhibit. A network technician has been allocated the 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address range for use in the network that shown in the exhibit. Which subnet mask would be used to meet the host requirements for segment A of this internetwork?
* 255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248

18
Which subnet mask would be assigned to the network address of 192.168.32.0 to provide 254 useable host addresses per subnetwork?
255.255.0.0
* 255.255.255.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.248.0

19
What type of network cable is used between a terminal and a console port?
cross-over
straight-through
* roll-over
patch cable

20
Which option identifies the primary interface which would be used for initial configuration of a Cisco router?
AUX interface
Ethernet interface
serial interface
* console interface

21
What are three common methods for setting a UTP Ethernet port to MDI or MDIX operation? (Choose three.)
direct configuration of the device
* cable color code association
cable selection and configuration
use of cable testers to determine pinouts
* the enabling of the mechanism to electrically swap the transmit and receive pairs
* the automatic detection and negotiating of MDI/MDIX operation of the port

22
Which device is used to create or divide broadcast domains?
hub
switch
bridge
* router
repeater

23
Refer to the exhibit. Assume that all devices are using default settings. How many subnets are required to address the topology that is shown?
1
3
4
* 5
7

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 11 Exam Answers

2009-05-01T00:36:00.000-07:00

1
Refer to the exhibit. What command will place the router into the correct mode to configure an appropriate interface to connect to a LAN?
UBAMA# configure terminal
UBAMA(config)# line vty 0 4
UBAMA(config)# line console 0
UBAMA(config)# interface Serial 0/0/0
* UBAMA(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/12
In a Cisco router, when do changes made to the running-configuration take effect?
after a system restart
as the commands are entered
when logging off the system
* when the configuration is saved to the startup-configuration3
Refer to the exhibit. A technician applies the configuration in the exhibit to a clean router. To verify the configuration, the technician issues the show running-config command in the CLI session with the router. What lines should the technician expect to see in the router output from the show running-config command?
enable password class
line console 0
password ccna
enable secret cisco
enable password class
line console 0
password ccna
enable secret 5 $1$v0/3$QyQWmJyT7zCa/yaBRasJm0
enable password class
line console 0
password ccna
enable secret cisco
enable password 7 14141E0A1F17
line console 0
password 7 020507550A
* enable secret 5 $1$v0/3$QyQWmJyT7zCa/yaBRasJm0
enable password 7 14141E0A1F17
line console 0
password 7 020507550A4
When network services fail, which port is most often used to access a router for management purposes?
AUX
Ethernet
* Console
Telnet
SSH5
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator on HostA has problems accessing the FTP server. Layer three connectivity testing was successful from HostA to the S1 interface of RouterB. Which set of commands will allow the network administrator to telnet to RouterB and run debug commands?
RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line vty 0 4
RouterB(config-if)# login
RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line vty 0 2
RouterB(config-vty)# password cisco
RouterB(config-vty)# login
* RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line vty 0
RouterB(config-line)# password cisco
RouterB(config-line)# login
RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line aux 0
RouterB(config-line)# password cisco
RouterB(config-line)# login
RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line aux 0
RouterB(config-vty)# password cisco
RouterB(config-vty)# login6
Users in the network are experiencing slow response time when doing file transfers to a remote server. What command could be issued to determine if the router has experienced any input or output errors?
show running-config
show startup-config
* show interfaces
show ip route
show version
show memory7
Refer to the exhibit. Which names correctly identify the CLI mode represented by the prompt for Switch-East4#? (Choose two.)
line configuration mode
user executive mode
* global configuration mode
privileged executive mode
interface configuration mode
* enable mode8
What command is used to change the default router name to Fontana?
Router# name Fontana
Router# hostname Fontana
Router(config)# name Fontana
* Router(config)# hostname Fontana

9
The serial connection shown in the graphic needs to be configured. Which configuration commands must be made on the Sydney router to establish connectivity with the Melbourne site? (Choose three.)
* Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.2 255.255.255.0
* Sydney(config-if)# no shutdown
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.1 255.255.255.224
* Sydney(config-if)# clock rate 56000
Sydney(config-if)# ip host Melbourne 201.100.53.2

10
Refer to the exhibit. The output is shown for the show ip route command executed on Router A. What does the IP address 192.168.2.2 represent?
Gateway for the 192.168.1.0 network
Gateway for the 192.168.3.0 network
IP assigned to the serial port on Router A
* IP assigned to the serial port on Router B

11
Refer to the exhibit. What additional command is required to allow remote access to this switch?
NA-SW1(config-if)# no shutdown
NA-SW1(config)# enable password password
* NA-SW1(config)# ip default-gateway address
NA-SW1(config-if)# description description

12
Immediately after a router completes its boot sequence, the network administrator wants to check the routers configuration. From privileged EXEC mode, which of the following commands can the administrator use for this purpose? (Choose two.)
show flash
show NVRAM
* show startup-config
* show running-config
show version

13
Which three terms correctly define the forms of help available within the Cisco IOS? (Choose three.)
hot keys
* context-check
context-sensitive
* structured check
command override
* command syntax check

14
Refer to the exhibit. A student is responsible for the IP addressing, configuration and connectivity testing of the network shown in the graphic. A ping from host B to host C results in a destination unreachable but a ping from host B to host A was successful. What two reasons could account for this failure based on the graphic and partial router output for the Dallas router? (Choose two.)
The host A is turned off.
The Fa0/0 interface on Dallas is shutdown.
The LAN cable is disconnected from host B.
* The S0/0/1 IP address of Dallas is improperly configured.
* The Fa0/0 interface on Dallas is in a different subnet than host B.
The clock rate is missing on the serial link between Dallas and NYC.

15
Which combination of keys would be used at the CLI prompt to interrupt a ping or traceroute process?
* Ctrl-C
Ctrl-P
Ctrl-R
Ctrl-Shift-6
Ctrl-Z

16
The connection between routers B and C has been successfully tested. However, after rebooting router C, the administrator noticed the response time between networks 10.10.3.0 and 10.10.4.0 is slower. Ping between the two routers is successful. A trace route indicates three hops from router B to router C. What else can be done to troubleshoot the problem?
Ping router B S0/1 connection from router C.
Trace the connection between router B to router C S0/1.
Issue a show ip route command in router B to verify routing is enabled.
* Issue a show interfaces command on router C.

17
In a Cisco device, where is the IOS file stored prior to system startup?
RAM
ROM
* Flash
NVRAM

18
On a Cisco router, which interface would be used to make the initial configuration?
toinen

19
A network administrator needs to keep the user ID, password, and session contents private when establishing remote CLI connectivity with a router to manage it. Which access method should be chosen?
Telnet
Console
AUX
* SSH

Reference

5 CD-ROMs - Live instructor-led classroom sessions

2009-04-29T02:05:00.000-07:00

Download all to a folder somewhere, make sure all those files are in the same folder. We do not need to open any of this .r1 etc etc files at all. The main files is the last file which is in a format or rar (iso) unzip that to the same folder again. This will unzip many files but the one we want is says START and hurray is running.......

After opening all video's have a cup of coffee...may be a little boring covers allot of everything....watch with a friend...may become more interesting.

5 CD-ROMs - Live instructor-led classroom sessions with full Audio, Video and demonstration components
Detailed Description
Schedule our instructor led classroom trainings at your convenience and never miss another lecture or fall behind. You are in complete control. We invited the Best ComTIA A+ Trainers in the industry to help us develop the ultimate training & certification program which includes everything you will need to fully prepare ou for the New CCNA 640-801 Certification exam.
The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists.

Level 1: Internetworking & TCP/IP
Internetworking
Intro to Internetworking
The "OSI" Model
Ethernet
"Wireless": SOS
TCP/IP
The DoD Model
The IP Address
IP Classes
SOS
Level 2: IP Subnetting & Internetwork Operation System
IP Subnetting
What is Subnetting?
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Subnetting
Variable Length Subnet Masks
Troubleshooting TCP/IP
Internetwork Operating System
Introduction to IOS
Passwords
Banners, Hostnames & Descriptions
Configuring Interfaces
Saving & Verifying Configuration
Level 3: IP Routing Protocols
IP Routing
Bringing it Together
Building Route Tables
Distance -- Vector Routing Protocols
Interior Gateway Routing Potocol
Verifying
More Routing Protocols
EIGRP
Open Shortest Path First
Level 4: Layer 2 Switching, Virtual LANs, & IOS
Layer 2 Switching
Spanning Tree Protocol
Switch Types
Configuring the Switch
Virtual LANs
VLAN Concepts
VLAN Truking Protocol
Configuring
Advanced IOS
Router Components
Backup and Restore
Cisco Discovery Protocol
Using Telnet
Host Names
Level 5: Access Lists & Wide Area Networks
Access Lists
Types of Access Lists
Creating an Access List
Using the Access List
Wide Area Networks
WAN Basics
HDLC
PPC
Frame Relay
ISDN
SS/CC

More Info

http://www.careeracademy.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=17

Career Academy Ccna cd 1
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=263TE1H3
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=HOGYCS7B
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=TE2GY4CT
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=25OOFERJ

Career Academy Ccna cd 2
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=KYOJSBAB
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=3N94PSAA
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=BF3135L7
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=QCUPXHIJ
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=MSFNBRMA

Career Academy Ccna cd 3
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=CXG6QEEV
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=2WTBQWWH
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=LBCHZBCT
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=IP479CV7

Career Academy Ccna cd 4
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=BX9GHBLG
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=C6YBJ51G
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=D2FJ8ETA

Career Academy Ccna cd 5
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=GJA6R8C8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=IDT1WVP4
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=K97LSVK0
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=TZX82KOK

Reference : milis ccna-exam@yahoogroups.com

Pass4Sure : 640-802 Exam preparation

2009-04-29T02:04:00.000-07:00

With the complete collection of and answers pass4sure has assembled to take you through Q&A your 640-802 Exam preparation, you will cover every field and category helping to ready you for your successful Cisco Certification. Each Q & A set will test your existing knowledge of Cisco fundamentals, and is complemented by our interactive Testing Engine.

Download 640-802 (245 Qs) Mirror 2 Rapidshare NOW

Download Cisco Certification Exams Questions - Pass4Sure

2009-04-28T22:09:00.000-07:00

Download Cisco Certification Exams Questions - Pass4Sure

High quality Cisco Certification Training BootCamp Exam Questions for All Cisco Candidates from Pass4sure Testing Engine.

click here to dowload 640-802 version 3.10

Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 1 (ICND1), 2nd Ed

2009-04-28T22:08:00.002-07:00

Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 1 (ICND1), Second Edition, is a Cisco®-authorized, self-paced learning tool for CCENT™ and CCNA® foundation learning. This book provides you with the knowledge needed to configure Cisco switches and routers to operate in corporate internetworks. By reading this book, you will gain a thorough understanding of concepts and configuration procedures required to build a multiswitch, multirouter, and multigroup internetwork that uses LAN and WAN interfaces for the most commonly used routing and routed protocols.
In Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 1 (ICND1), you will study installation and configuration information that network administrators need to install and configure Cisco products. Specific topics include building a simple network, Ethernet LANs, wireless LANs (WLANs), LAN and WAN connections, and network management. Chapter-ending review questions illustrate and help solidify the concepts presented in the book.

Understand the principles on which basic networks operate
Explore the operation and configuration of LANs
Extend the boundaries of the network by implementing and securing wireless connectivity
Configure routers to provide connectivity between different networks
Learn about IP addressing number conversion
Establish WAN interconnectivity using point-to-point links, DSL, and cable services
Configure Network Address Translation (NAT)
Use Cisco IOS® commands to determine the layout of a Cisco network topology
Manage the router startup and work with IOS configuration files and Cisco IOS images
This volume is in the Certification Self-Study Series offered by Cisco Press®. Books in this series provide officially developed self-study solutions to help networking professionals understand technology implementations and prepare for the Cisco Career Certifications examinations.

http://rapidshare.com/files/116675573/ICND1_2ndEdition_jan2008.7z

(Reference: noc-rikasang.blogspot.com)

Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 2 (ICND2)

2009-04-28T22:08:00.001-07:00

Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 2 (ICND2), is a Cisco®-authorized, self-paced learning tool for CCNA® foundation learning. This book provides you with the knowledge needed to install, operate, and troubleshoot a small to medium-size branch office enterprise network, including configuring several switches and routers, connecting to a WAN, and implementing network security.
In Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 2 (ICND2), you will study actual router and switch output to aid your understanding of how to configure these devices. Many notes, tips, and cautions are also spread throughout the book. Specific topics include constructing medium-size routed and switched networks, OSPF and EIGRP implementation, access control lists (ACL), address space management, and LAN extensions into a WAN. Chapter-ending review questions illustrate and help solidify the concepts presented in the book.

Review the Cisco IOS® Software command structure for routers and switches
Build LANs and understand how to overcome problems associated with Layer 2 switching
Evaluate the differences between link-state and distance vector routing protocols
Configure and troubleshoot OSPF in a single area
Configure and troubleshoot EIGRP
Identify and filter traffic with ACLs
Use Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT) to conserve IPv4 address space and implement IPv6
Connect different sites over WANs or the Internet using IPsec VPN, SSL VPN, leased line, and Frame Relay connections

http://rapidshare.com/files/116675573/ICND1_2ndEdition_jan2008.7z

(Reference: noc-rikasang.blogspot.com)

CCNA FAQ - Cisco Certified Network Associate Frequently Asked Question

2009-04-28T22:06:00.002-07:00

Q » What are the different types of Academies and their responsibilities in the Cisco Certified Networking Associate (CCNA) Program?
A »There are three types of Academies: Local Academies, Regional Academies and Cisco Academy Training Centers (CATCs).

Local Academies teach the curriculum to students. These are usually high schools/secondary schools and colleges, but can also be other agencies with education programs.

Regional Academies are usually colleges, but may also be high schools/secondary schools, education service centers and other agencies with education programs. Regional Academy instructors train and mentor Local Academy instructors in the operation of the program and the teaching of the curriculum.

CATCs are Cisco-selected Regional Academies that train instructors from other Regional Academies. CATC instructors get their training directly from Cisco.

CATCs and Regional Academies can also be Local Academies if they teach the curriculum to students.

Curriculum

Q » How many hours of instruction do the CCNA and CCNP online curricula include?
A » The online portion of the curriculum contains eight 70-hour blocks of study, which total - 560 hours. High schools/secondary schools typically teach the CCNA (courses 1- 4) in two academic years, whereas colleges and universities typically use one academic year to deliver the entire CCNA curriculum. The CCNP courses are typically taught over two academic years. The CCNP curriculum is 70-hours per course, lab-based with additional out-of-class lab time of 14 hours compulsory, for a total of 84 hours.

Q » How is the online curriculum provided to the students?
A » The online portion of the curriculum resides on a Web server at each Academy. Students access the curriculum from their workstations over the classroom LAN. Students also have access to view the curriculum online during non-classroom time.

Q » Does the curriculum teach students things that will be useful for maintaining non-Cisco networks?
A » The curriculum is a vendor-neutral. While Cisco equipment is used to practice and reinforce certain concepts, students gain broad-based knowledge of the operation of networks, the differences between various types of networking products, how to design and troubleshoot networks, and other general topics.

Q » What kinds of controls are there on course materials?
A » The curriculum is copyrighted. Access to the curriculum should be provided only to students enrolled in Networking Academy classes and the personnel within the institution offering the program.

Equipment

Q » What type of equipment is needed to teach the CCNA curriculum?
A » The labs include routers, switches, software, cables and first-year product support.

Q » Does Cisco donate lab equipment to schools in the program?
A » Cisco donates refurbished lab equipment to CCNA Regional Academies and to CCNA CATCs. Cisco also donates CCNA lab equipment to Academies in officially recognized Empowerment Zones and Least Developed Countries.

Q » Are multiple Academies allowed to share lab equipment?
A » Academies may share equipment, although Cisco believes that each institution is better able to provide a quality instructional experience if it has its own lab.

Instructor Training

Q » How are Academy instructors trained?
A » In the CCNA program, Local Academies are trained by Regional Academies, Regional Academies are trained by CATCs and CATCs are trained by Cisco.

Q » Where is the training for Academy instructors held?
A » Training is typically conducted at Regional Academies and CATC training sites.

Q » How long is CCNA instructor training?
A » Training for CCNA is at least 19 days.

Certification and Assessment

Q » When should a student take the Cisco Certified Network Associate exam?
A » Cisco recommends taking the CCNA exam after completing the fourth course of the CCNA curriculum.

Q » Where is the CCNA test given?
A » The CCNA test is given at Pearson VUE testing centers worldwide.

Q » What is Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) Program?
A » The CCNP program follows CCNA. The curriculum consists of CCNP 1 - 4 and prepares students to obtain their CCNP certification. This is a more advanced curriculum covering Advanced Routing (CCNP 1), Remote Access (CCNP 2), Multi-Layer Switching (CCNP 3) and Network Troubleshooting (CCNP 4).

Q » What is Cisco Certified Internetworking Expert (CCIE) Program?
A » The CCIE program has no required curriculum, although many of Cisco's commercial classes taught by Cisco's Training Partners are suggested prerequisites to the CCIE exam. The exam consists of both written and practical exams. CCIEs have world-renowned internetworking expertise and are widely thought to be the most knowledgeable networking personnel available.

Q » Are CCNA students assessed as they progress through the CCNA curriculum?
A » Yes. Cisco has developed a state-of-the-art assessment system to provide students, instructors, administrators, and Cisco personnel with detailed data on student progress.

General Program Questions

Q » What sort of commitments do Academies make when they sign up for the program?
A » CATCs and Regional Academies sign contracts that list their commitments as well as Cisco’s commitments to them. For more information on the CATC and Regional Academy contract process, please fill out an online application. The relationship between Regional Academies and Local Academies is owned by the Regional Academy, which may or may not ask its Local Academies to sign a contract.

Q » What is the process of starting an Academy?
A » A school can begin the process of starting an Academy by filling out the Cisco Networking Academy Program online application.

Q » Where are the various Networking Academies located at?
A » For a complete list of Academies see the Academy Locator.

Q » Are for-profit training centers eligible for participation in the Program?
A » Yes, Cisco has created a special program to work with proprietary institutions known as the Accredited Career College Program. For details contact netacad-acc@cisco.com or the Accredited Career College FAQs.

(Source : cna.te.ugm.ac.id)

CCNA Synopsis

2009-04-28T22:06:00.001-07:00

SYNOPSIS

The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam is an entry-level certification designed for network administrators and engineers. It can be taken in one of two forms. First, the CCNA can be taken in one, single exam - The CCNA Composite 640-802. Second, it can be taken as a two part exam designated Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices 1 and 2 (ICND1 and ICND2).

A majority of the professional networking world consider the CCNA to be the defacto Network Engineering exam that qualifies a user to operate a small to medium business network. Furthermore, the CCNA opens doors for new exams, such as the CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional) and CCDP (Cisco Certified Design Professional) certifications. Therefore, the exam is not in any way easy.

Overall, the CCNA has several subjects that it covers in detail, but the primary subjects of concern are Routing and Switching, including but not limited to the use of: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, and access lists. After attaining the CCNA, the exam is valid for three years before it must be recertified.

(Source : cramsession.com)

SQL Commands

2009-04-28T21:55:00.000-07:00

Below, given some Common SQL Command. Items bracketed [] are optional.

For a complete list of MySQL supported commands, visit the MySQL
website at http://www.mysql.com.

ALTER
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD [COLUMN] ...;

CREATE
CREATE DATABASE database_name;
CREATE TABLE table_name;

DELETE
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE ...];

DROP
DROP DATABASE database_name;
DROP TABLE table_name;

GRANT
GRANT privilege ON table_name ►►
TO user [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'] [WITH GRANT OPTION];

INSERT
INSERT [INTO] table_name VALUES (...);

SELECT
SELECT ... [FROM table_name(s)] ►►
[WHERE ...] [GROUP BY ... ] [ORDER BY ...];

SET
SET PASSWORD FOR user@localhost = ►►
PASSWORD("password");
SET PASSWORD FOR user@"%.visibooks.com" = ►►
PASSWORD("password");
SET PASSWORD FOR user@"%" = PASSWORD("password");

SHOW
SHOW DATABASES;
SHOW TABLES;
UPDATE

UPDATE table_name SET column_name=value [WHERE ...];

USE
USE database_name;

Let’s study SQL ! Enjoy It !

Database Jargon

2009-04-28T21:52:00.002-07:00

What is a Database?
A database is simply a collection of data, stored in an organized way.
For example, it may be:
_ an address list
_ employee details
_ details about items in stock.

A simple database could be used to store the names and addresses of those you send Christmas cards to, or details of your CD collection. A more complex database could be used to store the data that you need to run your company, e.g. supplier, customer, stock and order details.

Database Jargon
If you have never used a database before, you might not have encountered some of the database terminology that we will use in this book. Here are brief definitions of the terms you will come across.

Table: All the data on one topic is stored in a table. A table could contain details of the employees that work for your company. In a simple database, you might have only one table. More complex ones may consist of several tables.

Record: The data for a single item in a table is held in that item’s record. Using the employee table example, each employee would have their own record within the employee table.

Field: A field is a piece of information within a record e.g. in your employee table, things like surname, job title, date of birth, or salary grade.

Field name: The label, or name, given to a field.

Primary key: A special field that will contain a unique piece of information in each record e.g. StaffID.

Relationship: A relationship is used to link two tables through a common field.

Join: The process of linking two tables is often referred to as joining them.

Data definition: The process of defining, or describing, the data to be stored. This will involve specifying the data type (text, number, date), the field size, and how it is related to other tables.

Data manipulation: This term describes any work done on existing data within your tables. Sorting and extracting data and producing reports from it would all be examples of data manipulation.

Enjoy it.

How to Make Dynamips as Real Router

2009-04-28T21:52:00.001-07:00

Now Do ISCW Practicals on Real Internet Connections not on Simulated LAB

This post and the Contents inside it are for those people who are preparing for CCNP ISCW and in need of practicing on Real Devices on Real Connections. However Cisco Devices are not alway that easier to purchase.

I dont have any idea maybe some of you have already done this but since no one ever brought this topic before i decided to share this valuable Piece of work with you. i believe it will be worth for I.T related people

At CCNP level we must focus on Concepts and Concept is based on how much you implement them practically. Unless you do on real devices you cannot learn well. because the simulations or books will not produce results and you may not be able to tackle the problems in your work.
Lots of people go for Simulations. But i think Simulations are not good because of 2 reasons, they never are accurate, and they lack lots of IOS commands and features. this can affect our knowledge.

Lots of people asked before practicing PPPoE and DSL Labs along with IPSEC and GRE using Dynamips. Lot of time people practice such labs using LAN interfaces because they donot have Real Routers to connect to Real Internet Connections.

This small presentation will show you how you can connect Dynamips to internet and establish a Real Internet Connection using Dialer interface. Ofcouse you must have atleast running DSL connection and any small DSL Modem that is cheaper and easier to buy, that you connect to Dynamips.
Modem will be just a Layer 1 device only doing nothing other than Physically connecting Telephone line.

You will see how Dynamips will Negotiate and Initiate Internet connection with ISP
using PPP encapsulations,
Dynamips getting Real IP on its Dialer Interface.
Realtime Debugging outputs between Router interface and ISP
Leasing Ip Addreses to Physical Computers on LAN and Across Internet to WAN clients
Accepting Incoming Connections from Internet

all does Dynamips just like a Real Router. In this video the Dynamips acts as a ADSL ROUTER, Incoming VPN, PPPoE Internet Connetion, and a DHCP Server.

if you are interested in setup then consider these videos.

http://www.4shared.com/file/62580751/6f8892ff/dynamips_videos.html
refrence :http://www.sadikhov.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=137700

Wired vs Wireless Networking

2009-04-28T21:49:00.000-07:00

About Wired LANs
Wired LANs use Ethernet cables and network adapters. Although two computers can be directly wired to each other using an Ethernet crossover cable, wired LANs generally also require central devices like hubs, switches, or routers to accommodate more computers.
For dial-up connections to the Internet, the computer hosting the modem must run Internet Connection Sharing or similar software to share the connection with all other computers on the LAN. Broadband routers allow easier sharing of cable modem or DSL Internet connections, plus they often include built-in firewall support.

Installation
Ethernet cables must be run from each computer to another computer or to the central device. It can be time-consuming and difficult to run cables under the floor or through walls, especially when computers sit in different rooms. Some newer homes are pre-wired with CAT5 cable, greatly simplifying the cabling process and minimizing unsightly cable runs.
The correct cabling configuration for a wired LAN varies depending on the mix of devices, the type of Internet connection, and whether internal or external modems are used. However, none of these options pose any more difficulty than, for example, wiring a home theater system.
After hardware installation, the remaining steps in configuring either wired or wireless LANs do not differ much. Both rely on standard Internet Protocol and network operating system configuration options. Laptops and other portable devices often enjoy greater mobility in wireless home network installations (at least for as long as their batteries allow).

Cost
Ethernet cables, hubs and switches are very inexpensive. Some connection sharing software packages, like ICS, are free; some cost a nominal fee. Broadband routers cost more, but these are optional components of a wired LAN, and their higher cost is offset by the benefit of easier installation and built-in security features.

Reliability
Ethernet cables, hubs and switches are extremely reliable, mainly because manufacturers have been continually improving Ethernet technology over several decades. Loose cables likely remain the single most common and annoying source of failure in a wired network. When installing a wired LAN or moving any of the components later, be sure to carefully check the cable connections.
Broadband routers have also suffered from some reliability problems in the past. Unlike other Ethernet gear, these products are relatively new, multi-function devices. Broadband routers have matured over the past several years and their reliability has improved greatly.

Performance
Wired LANs offer superior performance. Traditional Ethernet connections offer only 10 Mbps bandwidth, but 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet technology costs little more and is readily available. Although 100 Mbps represents a theoretical maximum performance never really achieved in practice, Fast Ethernet should be sufficient for home file sharing, gaming, and high-speed Internet access for many years into the future.
Wired LANs utilizing hubs can suffer performance slowdown if computers heavily utilize the network simultaneously. Use Ethernet switches instead of hubs to avoid this problem; a switch costs little more than a hub.

Security
For any wired LAN connected to the Internet, firewalls are the primary security consideration. Wired Ethernet hubs and switches do not support firewalls. However, firewall software products like ZoneAlarm can be installed on the computers themselves. Broadband routers offer equivalent firewall capability built into the device, configurable through its own software.

About Wireless LANs
Popular WLAN technologies all follow one of the three main Wi-Fi communication standards. The benefits of wireless networking depend on the standard employed:
• 802.11b was the first standard to be widely used in WLANs.
• The 802.11a standard is faster but more expensive than 802.11b; 802.11a is more commonly found in business networks.
• The newest standard, 802.11g, attempts to combine the best of both 802.11a and 802.11b, though it too is more a more expensive home networking option.

Installation
Wi-Fi networks can be configured in two different ways:
• "Ad hoc" mode allows wireless devices to communicate in peer-to-peer mode with each other.
• "Infrastructure" mode allows wireless devices to communicate with a central node that in turn can communicate with wired nodes on that LAN.
Most LANs require infrastructure mode to access the Internet, a local printer, or other wired services, whereas ad hoc mode supports only basic file sharing between wireless devices.
Both Wi-Fi modes require wireless network adapters, sometimes called WLAN cards. Infrastructure mode WLANs additionally require a central device called the access point. The access point must be installed in a central location where wireless radio signals can reach it with minimal interference. Although Wi-Fi signals typically reach 100 feet (30 m) or more, obstructions like walls can greatly reduce their range.

Cost
Wireless gear costs somewhat more than the equivalent wired Ethernet products. At full retail prices, wireless adapters and access points may cost three or four times as much as Ethernet cable adapters and hubs/switches, respectively. 802.11b products have dropped in price considerably with the release of 802.11g, and obviously, bargain sales can be found if shoppers are persistent.

Reliability
Wireless LANs suffer a few more reliability problems than wired LANs, though perhaps not enough to be a significant concern. 802.11b and 802.11g wireless signals are subject to interference from other home applicances including microwave ovens, cordless telephones, and garage door openers. With careful installation, the likelihood of interference can be minimized.
Wireless networking products, particularly those that implement 802.11g, are comparatively new. As with any new technology, expect it will take time for these products to mature.

Performance
Wireless LANs using 802.11b support a maximum theoretical bandwidth of 11 Mbps, roughly the same as that of old, traditional Ethernet. 802.11a and 802.11g WLANs support 54 Mbps, that is approximately one-half the bandwidth of Fast Ethernet. Furthermore, Wi-Fi performance is distance sensitive, meaning that maximum performance will degrade on computers farther away from the access point or other communication endpoint. As more wireless devices utilize the WLAN more heavily, performance degrades even further.
Overall, the performance of 802.11a and 802.11g is sufficient for home Internet connection sharing and file sharing, but generally not sufficient for home LAN gaming.
The greater mobility of wireless LANs helps offset the performance disadvantage. Mobile computers do not need to be tied to an Ethernet cable and can roam freely within the WLAN range. However, many home computers are larger desktop models, and even mobile computers must sometimes be tied to an electrical cord and outlet for power. This undermines the mobility advantage of WLANs in many homes.

Security
In theory, wireless LANs are less secure than wired LANs, because wireless communication signals travel through the air and can easily be intercepted. To prove their point, some engineers have promoted the practice of wardriving, that involves traveling through a residential area with Wi-Fi equipment scanning the airwaves for unprotected WLANs. On balance, though, the weaknesses of wireless security are more theoretical than practical. WLANs protect their data through the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption standard, that makes wireless communications reasonably as safe as wired ones in homes.

source : http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/homenetworking/a/homewiredless_2.htm

CCNA Exploration 4.0 : Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 7 Exam Answers

2009-04-28T21:45:00.000-07:00

Below is one of question CCNA Exam Protocol and Concepts chapter 7.

How are RIP v1 and RIP v2 similar to one another? (Choose three)
* They both use hop count as a metric.
* They both have the same metric value for infinite distance.
* They both broadcast their updates to their neighbors.
* They both send subnet mask information in their updates.
* They both provide for authentication of update sources.
* They both use split horizon to prevent routing loops.

If you want to know more,click here for DOWNLOAD

Using the Lookup Wizard (Part 3)

2008-12-29T19:12:00.000-08:00

When you use the Lookup Wizard to identify the value in a cell at the intersection of a specific row and column, Excel offers you the choice of either entering just the calculation in your worksheet, or entering both the calculation and the criteria you selected for the calculation into your worksheet. If you choose to enter the criteria as well as the calculation, Excel prompts you individually for cells in which to store each criterion, as well as the result of the calculation. You can place the information anywhere you want in the worksheet.
When you specify locations for the criteria and the results of the calculation, you can collapse the Lookup Wizard dialog boxes, or you can simply click a cell in
your worksheet without collapsing any of the dialog boxes.
Once you complete the Lookup Wizard dialog boxes, Excel enters a formula that combines the INDEX and MATCH functions. You can read more about using these functions individually and together in the section, “Look Up a Value in a Table.” The Lookup Wizard produces the same results as manually combining these functions; however, the technique provided by the Lookup Wizard is easier than typing the functions.

Excel redisplays the Lookup Wizard - Step 4 of 6 dialog box with the address of the cell you selected.

13 Click Next.
The Lookup Wizard - Step 5 of 6 dialog box appears.
14 Repeat Steps 10 to 12 to select a cell to hold one of the labels that describe the value.
15 Click Next. The Lookup Wizard - Step 6 of 6 dialog box appears.
16 Repeat Steps 10 to 12 to select a cell to hold one of the labels that describe the value.
17 Click Finish. Excel redisplays your worksheet.
18 Click the cell containing the formula.
• The result of the formula appears in the worksheet.
• The formula appears in the Formula bar.

TIPS

Why do the values in my columns appear instead of the labels when I use the Lookup Wizard?
When you specified the range that contains the information you want Excel to search in the Lookup Wizard - Step 2 of 4 dialog box, you did not include the labels that probably appear in the first row of your range. If you rerun the wizard and include the labels in your selection, you will not see values in the columns in the Lookup Wizard - Step 2 of 4 dialog box.
Instead, you will see labels. The same principle applies to any row headings that
you may have; be sure to include them in the range to search.

When I use the Lookup Wizard, must the range I search contain numbers?
No. The range can contain numbers or text. The Lookup Wizard returns whatever
you have stored in the cell it identifies as the intersection of the row and column
that you identify when you use the wizard.
For example, if the cell contains “Monday,” then the Lookup Wizard displays “Monday” in the cell you specify.

What happens if the cell for which I search is blank?
Excel returns zero as the result of the Lookup Wizard. The function that appears
in the Formula bar appears in the same format as the function you see as the result of the Lookup Wizard; if you type text or a value into the blank cell, Excel updates the results of the Lookup Wizard.

Look Up a Value in a Table

2008-12-29T18:53:00.000-08:00

MATCH
You can use the MATCH function to find the row or column position number in a range for a particular value. The MATCH function does not return a value; instead, it returns the relative position of a value in a range. Because the MATCH
function does not return an actual value, it is not often used by itself. However, the MATCH function is often used in conjunction with the INDEX function to return the value at a particular position in a range.
Used in combination, these two functions can help you perform a two-way lookup. That is, you can search down columns and across rows of a range and
return the value in a single cell within that range.
The MATCH function requires two arguments, and you can specify an optional third argument. You must define the cell containing the value for which you want to search and the range to search. When searching a column, you specify only the column you want to search. When searching a row, you specify only the row you want to search.
You can set the Match-type argument to one of three values: 1, 0, or -1. If you omit this argument, Excel sets the value to 1.

Determine the Position of a Value

1 In your worksheet, list the values that Excel should search in rows.
2 Click the cell in which you want to store the function.
3 Click the Formulas tab.
4 Click Insert Function. The Insert Function dialog box appears.
5 Type a description here of the function you want to use. This example uses match.
6 Click Go.
7 Click MATCH.
• A description of the selected function appears here.
8 Click OK. The Function Arguments dialog box appears.

9 Click here and click the cell containing the search value.
The selected cell’s address appears in the Lookup_value field.
10 Click here and select the range containing the values to search.
The selected range appears in the Lookup_array field.
11 Type the value for the Match_type argument. This example uses 0.
12 Click OK.
• Excel displays the result of the formula in the cell you selected in Step 2 as
a serial number.
• The formula appears in the Formula bar.

TIPS
What happens when I omit the Match_type argument or set it to 1?
When you omit the Match_type argument or set it to 1, Excel finds and
returns the location of the largest value that is less than or equal to the
lookup value — the first argument of the MATCH function. To use this
setting, you must sort the values in the range in descending or reverse
alphabetical order.

What happens when I set the Match_type argument to 0?
When you set the Match_type argument to 0, Excel searches for and returns the location of the first value that exactly equals the lookup value. If you use this setting, the order of the values in the range that you search do not matter; they do not need to be in ascending or descending order.

What happens when I set the Match_type argument to -1?
When you set the Match_type argument to -1, Excel searches for and
returns the location of the smallest value in the range that is greater than or
equal to the Lookup Value argument. To use this setting, you must sort the
values in the range in descending or reverse alphabetical order.
The Function Arguments dialog box appears.

Using the Lookup Wizard (Part 2)

2008-12-27T03:47:00.000-08:00

The Lookup Wizard can help you easily display a value that appears at the intersection of a row and a column in a range, even when your worksheet contains dozens of rows and columns. For example, suppose that you are a teacher and you have a worksheet that contains test score information as well as grades for class projects. The worksheet contains information for several tests and several projects for all of the students in the class. In your worksheet, you list the students in column A, and the various scores in subsequent columns. Using the Lookup Wizard, you can easily pull out any variation of test or project scores for any given student. You identify the range containing the scores, the column containing the score you want to see, and the row containing the student’s name, and Excel does the rest. Or, suppose that you maintain a worksheet that contains parts that your company manufactures and the scheduled manufacturing dates for each part.
Using the Lookup Wizard, you can quickly and easily identify the scheduled manufacturing date for any part.

The Lookup Wizard - Step 2 of 4 dialog box appears.
5 Click here to select the column containing the value you want to find.
6 Click here to select the row containing the value you want to find.
7 Click Next. The Lookup Wizard - Step 3 of 4 dialog box appears.
8 Click an option to copy the formula into the workbook ( changes to ).
Note: This example copies the formula and the lookup parameters.
9 Click Next. The Lookup Wizard – Step 4 of 6 dialog box appears.
• You can use this dialog box to select a cell to hold one of the labels that describe the value.
10 Click here. Excel collapses the dialog box so that you can click in the worksheet.
11 Click the cell where you want the label to appear.
• Excel enters the address of the cell you selected.
12 Click .

Using the Lookup Wizard

2008-12-27T03:40:00.001-08:00

Excel comes with several very powerful tools that you can use for a variety of calculations; these tools are not installed by default, but are available as add-ins. Throughout this book, you will find tasks that use some of these tools. For example, to easily identify the value in a cell at the intersection of a row and a column, you can use the Lookup Wizard.
You install all of the add-in tools using the same technique. You should not need your Office 2007 disc when you install any of the add-in tools. Think of this process as more like activating than installing a tool.
You can have Excel return the value that appears at the intersection of a row and a column in a range that you specify. You can use a combination of the INDEX and MATCH functions by manually typing the function, but the syntax of the combined functions is complex; correctly typing the combined functions can be complicated. You may find it easier to use the Lookup Wizard, which creates the combined functions for you by asking you a series of questions.

Install the Lookup Wizard

1 Click the Formulas tab.
• The Lookup Wizard does not appear in the Solutions group.
2 Click .
3 Click Excel Options. The Excel Options dialog box appears.
4 Click Add-Ins.
• Currently installed add-ins appear here.
• Add-ins not yet installed appear here.
5 Click here and choose Excel Add-ins.
6 Click Go.
The Add-Ins dialog box appears.
7 Click here to select the Lookup Wizard ( changes to ).
8 Click OK.
Excel adds the Lookup Wizard to the Solutions group on the Formulas tab.

Using the Lookup Wizard
1 Click in the range you want to search.
2 Click Lookup to start the Lookup Wizard.
• Excel proposes a range to search.
3 If necessary, select a different range.
4 Click Next.

TIPS

When would I use the MATCH and INDEX functions instead of the Lookup Wizard?
The approach you take to find the values you want is really a matter of personal
preference. The Lookup Wizard creates a function that combines the MATCH and INDEX functions for you automatically. If you are really comfortable with Excel’s functions and prefer to create the combination functions yourself, or, if you do not want to use a wizard, you can enter the functions without using the Lookup Wizard. See the section, “Look Up a Value in a Table,” for details on creating the combined functions without using the Lookup Wizard.

Can I uninstall the Lookup Wizard?
Yes. Repeat Steps 2 to 4 in the subsection, “Install the Lookup Wizard.” The Lookup Wizard appears in the list of installed add-ins. Click Go, and, in the Add-Ins dialog box, click the Lookup Wizard (changes to ). Click OK and then click the Formulas tab. The Lookup Wizard no longer appears in the Solutions group.

Can I install other add-ins at the same time that I install the Lookup Wizard?
Yes, you can. In the Add-Ins dialog box, click each add-in that you want to install
( changes to ) and click OK. Each of the add-ins that you install appears either
in the Solutions group on the Formulas tab or in the Analysis group on the Data tab.

Look Up a Value in a Table (Part 2)

2008-12-27T03:34:00.000-08:00

INDEX
You can use the INDEX function to return a value that appears at the intersection of a row and a column. The INDEX function differs from the MATCH function because the INDEX function returns the value that appears in the cell that you identify using the INDEX function; the MATCH function returns the relative row number or column number of the cell that you identify using the MATCH function.
While you can simply specify the row number and column number as you set up the INDEX function, the power of the INDEX function comes from using it in conjunction with the MATCH function. Because the MATCH function returns row numbers and column numbers, you can use the results of the MATCH function as arguments of the INDEX function.
The INDEX function requires three arguments: you must identify the range you want to search, the row number of the range, and the column number of the range. In addition, Excel offers two ways of using the INDEX function: You can use it in its array format or in its reference format. The example in this section shows the array format.

Return the Value

1 Click the cell in which you want to store the function.
2 Click the Formulas tab.
3 Click Insert Function to display the Insert Function dialog box.
4 Type a description here of the function you want to use.
This example uses index.
5 Click Go.
6 Click INDEX.
7 Click OK. The Select Arguments dialog box appears.
8 Click here.
9 Click OK.
The Function Arguments dialog box appears.
10 Click here and select the range containing all of the values to search.
The selected range appears in the Array field.
11 Click here and click the cell containing the row number.
The cell address appears in the Row_num field.
12 Click here and click the cell containing the column number.
The cell address appears in the Column_num field.
13 Click OK.
• Excel displays the result of the formula in the cell you selected in Step 1 as a serial number.
• The formula appears in the Formula bar.

TIPS
How do I use the Reference, row_num, column_num, area_num argument in the Select Arguments dialog box for the INDEX function?
Using this version of specifying arguments, you can select more than one range to search. You can specify multiple ranges, placing the ranges in parentheses separate from other arguments, and then use the Area_num argument to identify which of the ranges you want Excel to search.
The formula, =INDEX((A1:B6,C1:D7),3,2,1), would return the value in cell B3, the cell located at the third row, second column, in the first range.

What formula did you use to set up the MATCH function for the column number?
The lookup value appears in cell G3, and the Lookup_array range is A1:D1.
The formula is =MATCH(G3,A1:D1,0), and the Match_type argument is set to zero to return the location of the first value in the range that equals the lookup value.

Can I combine the INDEX and MATCH functions to display a value in a cell located at a specific intersection?
Yes, you can. Using the worksheet in this example, the formula would be as follows: =INDEX(A1:D27,MATCH(G2,A1:A27,0),MATCH(G3,A1:D1,0)).
Instead of trying to set up this complicated formula, you might want to consider using the Lookup Wizard, as described in the next section.

Look up a Single Value in a Row

2008-12-23T21:29:00.000-08:00

HLOOKUP
You can use the HLOOKUP function to find a value in one row of a range of related values. In the range, information in any given column provides all of that particular type of information.
The HLOOKUP function horizontally searches the top row of the range to find a value that you specify. When the HLOOKUP function finds the value in the top row, it searches down that column for one of the values in the column; you use one of the arguments of the HLOOKUP function to identify the row containing the value you want to find. For example, suppose that you have stored students’ numeric grades in a worksheet and you would like to translate numeric grades to the letters A, B, C, D, and F. You can use the HLOOKUP function to quickly find the letter grade corresponding to a number grade.
The HLOOKUP function takes three arguments: First, you identify the cell containing the value for which you want to search. Second, you identify the range containing the data that Excel should search. Third, you identify the row containing the information
you want Excel to display.

1 In your worksheet, list in rows the values that Excel should
search. Note: Be sure to sort the information based on the first row.
2 Click the cell in which you want to store the function.
3 Click the Formulas tab.
4 Click Insert Function. The Insert Function dialog box appears.
5 Type a description here of the function you want to use. This example uses horizontal lookup.
6 Click Go.

7 Click HLOOKUP.
• A description of the selected function appears here.
8 Click OK. dialog box appears.
9 Click here and click the cell containing the search value.
The selected cell address appears in the Lookup_value field.
10 Click here and select the range containing all of the values you want to search.
The selected range appears in the Table_array field.
11 Type the number of the row containing the value you want to find.
Note: The top row is 1.
12. Click OK.
• Excel displays the result of the formula in the cell you selected in Step 2 as a serial number.
• The formula appears in the Formula bar.

TIPS

Why did Excel return a #NAME! error for an HLOOKUP function that I set up?
You need to remember that the order of the information in the range that you search is important. The information in the table must appear from lowest to highest, or, if you are searching text, the text entries must appear alphabetically. In addition, the entries in the top row of the table must be unique. Otherwise, Excel returns an error.

Can I use a cell reference instead of an HLOOKUP function?
Yes, you can. However, using a cell reference does not account for changes that you make to the value that you would have used for the Lookup_value argument. If you make a change to that cell, Excel does not update the cell containing the cell reference — the one in which you would have stored an HLOOKUP function.

I saw the LOOKUP function in the Insert Function dialog box; how does it work?
The LOOKUP function works on a single row or single column range where the values are sorted in ascending or alphabetical order. You supply a search value, a single row or column range to search, and a single row or column range where Excel can store the values it finds. The two single row or column ranges must be the same size.

Look up a Single Value in a Column

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VLOOKUP
You can use the VLOOKUP function to find a
value in one column of a range of related values. In the range, information on any given row provides all the information about that row. The VLOOKUP function vertically searches the leftmost column of the range to find a value you specify. When
the VLOOKUP function finds the value in the leftmost column, it searches across the row for one of the values in that row; you use one of the VLOOKUP function’s arguments to identify the column containing the value you want to find. For example, suppose that you have stored daily rainfall values in your worksheet for each day of the year. You can set up a VLOOKUP function to quickly search the column containing the day numbers and find the rainfall value that corresponds to any of the 365 days that you specify. The VLOOKUP function takes three arguments: First, you identify the cell containing the value for which you want to search. Second, you identify the range containing all of the data that Excel should search. Third, you identify the column containing the information that you want Excel to display.

1. In your worksheet, list the values that Excel
should search in columns.
Note: If necessary, set up a cell to contain the value
for which Excel should search.
2 Click the cell in which you want to store the function.
3 Click the Formulas tab.
4 Click Insert Function. The Insert Function dialog box appears.
5 Type a description here of the function you want to use. This example uses vertical lookup.
6 Click Go.
7 Click VLOOKUP. • A description of the selected function appears here.
8 Click OK. The Function Arguments dialog box appears.
9 Click here and click the cell containing the search value. The selected cell’s address appears in the Lookup_value field.
10 Click here and select the range containing all of the values.
The selected range appears in the Table_array field.
11 Type the number of the column containing the value you want to find.
Note: The leftmost column is 1.
12 Click OK. • Excel displays the result of the formula in the cell you selected in Step 2 as a serial number. • The formula appears in the Formula bar.

TIPS
What does the Range_lookup argument do?
You can use this argument to tell Excel whether to return an exact match or an approximate match to the Lookup_value you specify in Step 9. If you omit the argument or set the argument to TRUE, Excel finds an approximate match. If you set the argument to FALSE, Excel finds only exact matches. In this example, the syntax
for the function that includes a Range_lookup argument would be as

follows: =VLOOKUP(D3,A3:B33,2,FALSE).

Can I use the VLOOKUP function with text instead of values?
Yes, you can. You can search for a text string by typing the text that you want to find in the Lookup_value field. You can also have Excel return text stored in a cell. However, you cannot use the Range_lookup argument to specify whether Excel should find an exact match or an approximate match.

Are there any restrictions concerning the range that I select in Step 10?
Yes. The leftmost range must contain the text or value for which Excel will search. If the leftmost column contains values, each value must be unique, and the entries
must be sorted from lowest to highest. If the leftmost column contains text entries, each entry must be unique, and the entries must be sorted alphabetically.

INTRO : Displaying Subscript & Highlight

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A number of Excel options are essential in displaying spreadsheet results. Particularly useful in quantitative methods are those for displaying Greek characters, mathematical signs like equal to or less than, formulas, subscripts, gridlines and spreadsheet row and column numbers.
To display Greek symbols like  and  on a spreadsheet, type the letters l and m, highlight them, and change to the Symbol font.
An inequality such as
3X1 + 4X2 < 20
contains a less than or equal to sign and subscripts. To display < or > in Excel, type < or > and then use the underline icon to underline the character. To make a character a subscript, highlight it, select Format on the menu bar, click on Cells, select the Font tab, and then under Effects click on the Subscript box.
To display an equal to sign (=) as text instead of beginning a formula, type '= (the apostrophe plus equal sign keys). The apostrophe will not show, only the equal to sign does. Depressing just the equal key caused Excel to start a formula.

INTRO : Spreadsheet Arithmetic

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Arithmetic operations are simple to do in Excel. To add the numbers 3 and 2, type =3+2 in a cell, press the ENTER key, and the result, 5, is displayed in the cell. Subtraction, multiplication, and division are done in a manner analogous to addition using the symbols, –,*, and /, respectively. Thus, to subtract 2 from 3, enter =3–2, and 1 is the result; to multiply 3 and 2, enter =3*2, and 6 is shown in the cell; and to divide 3 by 2 enter =3/2 and 1.5 will be the answer. Notice that to do all arithmetic operations we must first enter the equal to sign.
Cell references can be used in doing arithmetic. Entering =A1+A2, =A1-A2, =A1*A2. or =A1/A2 in a cell adds the values in A1 and A2, subtracts the value in A2 from the value in A1, multiplies the value in A1 by the value in A2, or divides the value in A1 by the value in A2.
To calculate a power of a number or expression, Excel used the caret symbol (^). To raise 3 to the second power, enter =3^2 in a cell and the answer 6 results. Another illustration is =A1^A2, which raised the value in cell A1 to the power in cell A2.

INTRO : Editing Cells and Cutting

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Now, we will study how to Editing cells and cutting. To replace the contents of a cell select the cell and type the new values to go into it. The old contents will be replaced automatically by the new terms. To delete cell contents, select the cell or cells and press the DELETE key or click the right mouse button and select Clear Contents.
Two ways exist to change a portion of the cell's content. First, select the cell and then click in the Formula Bar (see Figure 1 for its location).link ke posting 1 Now inserting or deleting characters can make changes. A second way of editing a cell is to double click on the cell of concern. Then changes such as insertions or deletions can be made directly in the cell. Depressing the ENTER key ends the editing in both of these cases.
To move data or formulas from one cell to another, Excel's Cut command can be used. It is similar to the Copy command discussed in the above section except that the contents of the selected cell are moved to the new location rather than just being copied. Select a cell, click the right mouse button, and select Cut. Move the cursor to the new cell location, click the right mouse button, and select Paste. The contents of the original cell are moved to the new cell.

INTRO : Entering Formulas, Copying, and Pasting

2008-11-30T06:19:00.001-08:00

Figure 1. Data in the active cell and the Formula Bar

Select cell A1. Type the number 3 and press the ENTER key. If the cursor is not in cell A2, select the cell. Now type the number 5 and press the ENTER key. Select cell A3 if it is not already selected, type =SUM(A1:A2), press the ENTER key, and the sum, 8, appears in cell A3, as shown in Figure 4.
Alternately, select cell A3 and click on the summation icon in the Tool Bar ( ). This enters the formula automatically into cell A3; there is no need to type it. Pressing the ENTER key or clicking the checklist (V) icon on the Tool Bar gives the answer. The formulas also can be seen in the Formula Bar by clicking on cell A3 to make it the active cell.
To copy the contents of cells, highlight them, click on the right mouse button, and select copy from the menu (or click on Edit on the Menu Bar and select Copy). Then click on the upper left corner of the area to which you want to copy the cells. For example, highlight cells A1:A3 and copy them as just explained. Then click on cell C1, depress the right mouse button, and select paste (or click on Edit on the Menu Bar and select Paste). Figure 2 presents the results.
The contents of cells A1:A3 appear in cells C1:C3. Now click on cell C3 and observe the formula: =SUM(C1:C2). Notice that this formula is different from the one in cell A3, =SUM(A1:A2).

Figure 2. Relative references

The cell references in a formula like in cell A3 are called relative references because when the formula is copied, Excel remembers the cell references relative to the cell in which the formula is contained. As an illustration, the formula in cell A3 sums the numbers in the two cells directly above it, A1:A2. The formula in cell C3 does the same. It sums the numbers in the two cells directly above it, C1:C2 in this case. To get a better idea about how a relative reference works, delete the contents of cells C1:C3, highlight just cell A3, and copy its contents to cell C3. A zero results because the formula is summing the two blank cells above C3 as shown on the left-hand side of Figure 3.
Figure 3. Relative verses absolute references

If the formula in cell C3 sums the two numbers in cells A1:A2, then an absolute reference must be used. A cell reference is called an absolute cell reference if dollar signs are used ($) before the letter and number. For example, in cell A3 type in the formula =SUM($A$1:$A$2) as shown on the right-hand side of Figure 3. In this formula the references to cells $A$1:$A$2 are called absolute references. This means that when this formula is copied to any other cell the results will always give the sum of the cells A1:A2. Consequently, with 3 in cell A1 and 5 in A2, copying A3 to C3 gives 8 with the absolute references in the formula as compared with 0 with the relative references. This is shown on the right-hand side of Figure 3.

INTRO : Entering Data, Selecting Cells, and Dragging

2008-11-30T06:17:00.001-08:00

Move the cursor to a cell such as A1 and click the left mouse button. This is called selecting the cell. The cell selected is called the active cell. To enter data into the active cell, type a number or any character and press the ENTER key. Whatever is typed appears in the active cell. If the cursor moves to another cell when the ENTER key is depressed, click on the cell in which the data was entered and the data appears not only in the active cell but in the Formula Bar also. See Figure 1 for an example where the number 3 is entered in cell A1.

Figure 1. Data in the active cell and the Formula Bar

The small dark square at the lower right-hand corner of the active cell is called the fill handle. If the mouse cursor is moved until it is on top of the fill handle, it will change to a plus sign.
To select more than one square, move the mouse cursor over the fill handle, hold down the left mouse button, move the cursor down to the lower right-hand corner of cell A3, and release the mouse button. This is called dragging.
The cells A1:A3 become dark (except for the active cell A1) and are said to have been selected.

Figure 2. Selecting cells
As can be seen in Figure 2, cells in a row can be selected by dragging to the right, and a rectangular group of cells can be selected by dragging to the right and down. Another method of selecting cells is to hold down the SHIFT key and use the arrow keys to move the cursor over the area to be selected and then release the SHIFT key. Notice that in all of these cases the active cell remains a white color.

INTRO : Excel Window

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This an introduction to the Excel concepts used throughout the text. When Excel starts, a window like the one in Figure 1 appears. This is called a workbook. It is composed of a number of sheets called worksheets that have tabs at the bottom of the window with names displayed on them: Sheet 1, Sheet 2, and so forth. The main components of

Figure 1
Initial Excel spreadsheet

Figure 1 that must be known in order to use Excel are the Menu Bar, Tool Bars, Formula Bar, Active or Selected Cell, Fill Handle, Scroll Bars, Tab Scroll Buttons, and Status Bar. Each of these components is labeled in Figure 1. The Menu Bar and Tool Bars are used to select the

various actions Excel performs. Examples are printing, copying, selecting fonts, centering, changing colors, sorting, solving equations, checking spelling, and doing statistical analysis.